The Role of Alfred von Tirpitz in the Anglo- German Naval Race Essay Example for Free

The Role of Alfred von Tirpitz in the Anglo- German Naval Race Essay What role did Alfred von Tirpitz play in the Anglo-German naval race of World War I, 1890-1914? For almost a century historians have been arguing over the causes of the First World War. One of the factors regularly discussed is the Anglo-German naval race, which involved the competing construction of the British and German navies between 1897 and 1914. Much of the blame for the consequential building of navies has fallen on the shoulders of the German state secretary of the navy office, Alfred von Tirpitz. The purpose of this internal assessment is to find out what roll Tirpitz played in the Anglo-German naval race. I will research my investigation with some of the many books published about the origins of World War I, including some of Tirpitzs speeches, letters, and propaganda as well as other key figures of the naval race. The investigation will cover how Tirpitz financed the naval construction, his building strategy, and finally Tirpitzs naval laws. B Summary of evidence How Tirpitz financed the naval construction Tirpitzs entire building strategy relied heavily on his belief that he could build his great fleet without raising taxes or putting any burden on the budget.2 He planned to achieve this with an intensive propaganda campaign, supported by industry and many middle class people. Tirpitz, being an adroit politician and manipulator of men, successfully promoted the navy and created effective pressure groups, like the Flottenverein, whose views had to be taken seriously by the government.3 After a lengthy depression, German industry was looking for large investments that were continuous and predictable. To accomplish this, Tirpitz tried to establish constant yearly shipbuilding rates in order to keep factories operating at capacity. He could then argue in the Reichstag that German industry would suffer a crisis unless it got new ship orders.4 However, it was the Kaisers support that gave Tirpitz the freedom to spend a large portion of the budget on the navy.5 Tirpitzs naval building strategy Tirpitz insisted that he be able to implement a plan of steady expansion, where ships were to be built and maintained regardless of cost.6 His plan had three major components: risk theory, alliance value, and danger zone. Risk theory was the idea that the German navy would be strong enough that if Britain risked battle, Tirpitz believed, the defeat of a strong German fleet would so substantially weaken the enemy that, in spite of a victory he might have obtained, his own position in the world would no longer be secured by an adequate fleet.7 Thus, Britain would be willing to make diplomatic concessions rather than take the risk of a naval conflict. Therefore, Germany only had to build a navy in proportion to England, of about 2:3, or 5:8.8 Danger zone was the period of time when the German fleet was not yet strong enough to deter the British fleet, and might be destroyed in a preventative blow. This led Tirpitz to advise cautious diplomacy towards Britain until the fleet was ready.9 Finally, Alliance value was the notion that a strong fleet would make Germany an attractive ally for other rivals of Britain, and maybe even for the British themselves.10 Therefore, Tirpitz believed that the constant building of the navy was an important asset if Germany wanted to become a threat to Britain, and consequentially gain allies. Tirpitzs naval laws Tirpitz believed that only by building the navy by law would ensure continuous and consistent fleet building.11 In 1898 the first naval law was created, calling for the construction of nineteen battleships, eight armored cruisers, and twelve large and 30 small cruisers, all to be built within six years. Tirpitz took advantage of international situations, such as the impact of the Spanish-American War, sentiment against Britain for an incident during the Boer War, and the Boxer Rebellion in China, and introduced the second naval law in 1900. The law doubled the size of the projected navy to a total of, 38 battleships, 20 armored cruisers, and 38 light cruisers, all to be built within 20 years. This was a direct challenge to the British home fleet that had approximately 32 battleships.12 It also threatened Britain because since 1889 the British navy had been governed by a two-power standard, by which their navy had to be stronger than the combined fleets of the next two naval powers.13 The second naval law also threatened Britain because it did not set a cost limit, therefore Germany needed no new legislation to build dreadnoughts.14 Tirpitz again used international crises, like the Moroccan crisis and Britains stern response to Germany at Agadir, to pass supplementary German naval laws in 1906, 1908, and 1912.15 C Evaluation of sources Two of the sources used were: Ferguson, Niall. The Pity of War. New York: Basic Books, 1999. The English historian, Niall Ferguson, wrote this book in 1999, acquiring most of his knowledge from primary sources and other historians books. The purpose of the book is to inform readers of Fergusons argument, that the Great War was solely Englands fault, but at the same time, the book is meant to be controversial, and to sell copies. This is one of the main limitations of the book, that the author may have misconstrued some of the details in order to make England look guiltier, and thus sell more copies. In general the book is valuable because it is a secondary source written long after the actual events, so he was able to form an opinion after looking at all different types of information and viewpoints. On the other hand, it is limiting because it is not a primary source; he did not write the book during the event, therefore some of the information could be misconstrued. Terraine, John, ed. The Great War, 1914-1918. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1965. This book, written by John Terraine in 1965, gives an overview of the events leading up to and during World War One. The author argues, in the introduction, that it was the German militarism that made the war inevitable. The book is very valuable because instead of the author writing his opinion on the events, he informs readers using primary sources throughout the entire book to tell the story. This is valuable because it displays the events when they happened. On the other hand it is limited because it does not have the benefit of using historiography, and the documents could be misrepresentative. There are many photographs used that are also valuable because they capture moments in history in vivid detail, simulating a first-hand experience. However, they could be limiting because certain details could be excluded, which would affect the view of the event. D Analysis Importance of investigation in its historical context The Anglo-German naval race was a significant event that ruined any possible relationship between the two nations before the start of World War I. Although many historians, for instance Ferguson or Fay, do not attribute the naval race to causing the Great War, it is a consensus among historians that by Germany building up their navy and destroying any relationship with Britain, they were simply pushing England into an alliance with France.16 The Entente Cordial simply meant that if Germany was trying to start a war in order to gain more colonies, they had dragged another enemy into the war to fight with. The naval race also caused extreme financial difficulties for both nations, but more specifically, if Germany had given most of its naval funds to its army, it would have had a much greater chance of achieving a land victory in France.17 Analysis of the Evidence Tirpitzs acquired his fleet by using intense propaganda, and played off of international crises to acquire more money in order to implement naval laws. He had soon built a fleet that was in direct competition with Britain; however it was never clear what his objectives with the fleet were. Different historians have interpreted the intention of this fleet differently. Ferguson and Fay both argue that the fleet was intended to compete with the British navy in order to have the power over Britain to demand colonies.18 However, Scheck more so argues that the fleet was being built in order to attract any of Britains enemies as allies or even Britain as an ally. 19 It is obvious that with both opinions the navy was directed at Britain. This proves that Tirpitz was the aggressor in the Anglo-German naval race, and that he was building the navy to discourage Britain from any direct conflict, and thus would have a stronger voice that could make demands. In addition, the naval construction would attract allies, and be able to support Germany in the coming war. However, Tirpitzs plan may have contributed to various British proposals for limiting the navy, it did not intimidate them or cause them no make concessions. On the contrary, it created the atmosphere of suspicion and antagonism that would lead to a naval race.20 It is obvious that Germany was the aggressor in the naval race; however, many historians have debated over what event it was that triggered the Anglo-German naval race. Herrmann argues that it was Germanys persistent defiance of Britain over a period of time that set-off the naval race, but it was not one particular event.21 However Tucker argues that it was specifically Tirpitzs second naval law that initiated the naval race.22 The latter is a very valid point, since it was this law that put Tirpitzs fleet in direct competition with Britain. Beforehand, the British new that the Germans were beginning to put a navy together, but it did not concern them. Immediately after the passage of the law, the British began to feel pressure from Tirpitz, and responded by building their navy as well. Without Tirpitzs second naval bill, Britain would not have felt threatened, and therefore would have had no reason to enter a naval race. Tirpitz undeniably was a key player in the naval race. He pushed the propaganda, founded the Navy League, designed the naval construction strategy, drafted the naval laws, and most important, would not slow down the building process. However, historians have disputed how large a role Tirpitz played. Scheck and Tucker have put complete blame on Tirpitz, saying that he was the man manipulating the Kaiser, Reichstag and the German people, in order to support and fund his naval plan. 23 Contrary to this, Kennedy and Fay believe that Tirpitz and the Kaiser are equally to blame for the naval race.24 They argue that Tirpitz and the Kaiser were the two men who most supported the navy, and that it was the Kaisers support of Tirpitz that allowed him to get the funding and support necessary to construct his fleet. The former is a more accurate opinion since it was Tirpitz, and Tirpitz alone who designed the building strategy, and manipulated the government in order to raise funds. It was his aggressive policy that built up the German navy to the point where it posed a threat to Britain, giving them no choice but to retaliate through their own naval construction. E Conclusion Tirpitz is solely to blame for the Anglo-German naval race. As Scheck and Tucker have agreed, he was the man manipulating the Kaiser, Reichstag and the German people by using international crises to push propaganda, and implement naval bills. Tirpitzs naval strategy was directed at defeating Britain with his risk navy, in order to make available the necessary colonial property for the central European states which needed to expand.25 It was precisely Tirpitzs Second Naval Bill that competed directly with Britain, thus threatening her imperial position, forcing Britain to increase the rate of her own naval construction. If it were not for Tirpitzs aggressive naval policy, Germany and Britain would not have been thrown into a costly and dangerous naval race. It was made obvious that Tirpitz was solely to blame, when British War Minister Haldene attempted to negotiate a naval agreement, but Tirpitz made it clear he was opposed to any reductions, and negotiations failed.26 1 Peter Quennell, History Today, November 1968, 53. 2 James Joll, The Origins of the First World War (New York: Longman Group, 1984), 62. 3 Joll, 112. 4 Rafael Scheck, Alfred von Tirpitz and German Right-Wing Politics, 1914-1918 (Boston: Humanities Press, 1998), 3. 5 David Herrmann, The Arming of Europe and the Making of The First World War (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), 162. 6 The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia, 1996 ed., s.v. Alfred von Tirpitz, by Spencer Tucker. 7 John Terraine, ed., The Great War, 1914-1918 (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1965), 226. 8 Sidney Fay, The Origins of the World War (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1930), 235. 9 Scheck, 6. 10 Scheck, 5. 11 Jonathan Steinberg, Yesterdays Deterrent (London: Macdonald and Co., 1965), 126. 12 Tucker, 688. 13 Joll, 63. 14 Scheck, 5. 15 Tucker, 688. 16 Niall Ferguson, The Pity of War (New York: Basic Books, 1999), 70; Fay, 39. 17 Tucker, 688. 18 Ferguson, 84; Fay, 235. 19 Scheck, 5. 20 Fay, 235. 21 Herrmann, 226. 22 Tucker, 688. 23 Scheck, 8; Tucker, 688. 24 Paul Kennedy, The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism: 1860-1914 (New Jersey: Unwin Ltd., 1980), 224; Fay, 243. 25 Fay, 235. 26 Joll, 65

Catcher In The Rye, Compares T :: essays research papers

Throughout life, an individual may endure several emotionally or physically straining moments. In The Catcher In The Rye, Holden Caulfield suffers much verbal abuse, as well as physical. Both forms of the abuse, combined with other factors, eventually leads Holden to suffer a mental breakdown. Holden’s actions prove that ** â€Å"A blow from a whip raises a welt, but a blow from the tongue smashes bones.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden experiences several fights throughout the story. Near the beginning, he begins a struggle with Stradlater, his roommate, over his friend’s date, Jane Gallagher. Holden was upset to learn that the couple were alone in a car, knowing Stradlater’s sexual history. Holden’s mind chooses to push out the incident, so it is foggy in his head. But all he knew was, he tried to hit Stradlater but missed. After the miss, Stradlater proceeded to climb on top of Holden and take hold of his wrists, not letting him up. Stradlater dug his knees deep into Holden’s chest to keep him from moving. This seemed to go on for â€Å"around ten hours†. When Stradlater finally gave in and let Holden get up, the struggle started again, ending with a bloody nose for Holden. Afterwards, although Holden was somewhat offended by the actions, he did not seem to care about his dripping nose. He went directly over to Ackley’s room, not even stopping to wipe up his nose. He also did not seem to care about the overall fight, because he talked of it like it meant nothing to him. â€Å"I had a little goddam tiff with Stradlater,† he explains to Ackley. â€Å"Do you feel like playing a little Canasta?† This quick forgetting shows that the fight had little affect on Holden, and that his injury meant little to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While Holden is in the Edmont Hotel, the elevator man mentions the prospect of a prostitute. Holden reluctantly agrees to a throw, which would cost him five dollars. Holden was very nervous during his wait, but when the girl showed up he told her he only wanted to talk. Even though they didn’t do anything, Holden paid his money, only to find that the girl was promised ten. Holden refused to pay the extra amount, assuring the girl that he was told a throw was only five and he was not going to pay more. She left, only to return minutes later with the elevator man, Maurice.

Shoe-Horn Sonata

An individual’s perception of the world is unique, conflicted by emotions and heavily influenced by their surroundings, thus giving individuals a distinct interpretation of how distinctive experiences convey meaning. The play â€Å"the Shoehorn Sonata† composed by John Misto in which he explores distinctive experiences highlighting themes and memories, evidently both characters Bridie and Sheila overcame themes of adversity, captivity, human rights and ultimately friendship through embracing their experiences.Misto’s main focus was to bring forth awareness for the nurses through distinctive experiences. John Misto cleverly instigates aspects of lack of freedom via bringing forth past experiences involved in shaping the character’s state of mind. Moreover Misto explores the theme captivity and notions of lack of human rights through Bridie’s traumatic war experiences, â€Å"Filthy pits-dug out in the open. We weren’t allowed privacy†, a basic human right stripped away by the Japanese in which Misto used the pits-dug out to symbolise lack of freedom.Furthermore Bridie’s past experiences introduced via anecdotes evoked past emotions of hatred and fear amongst the Japanese when situated near them, â€Å"Bus load of Japanese tourists†¦ surrounded me, my heart began to pound in terror†, Bridie’s past experiences manipulated her state of mind, this is evident in Bridie’s perception of harmless Japanese tourists. More so Misto’s utilisation of hyperbole, â€Å"pound in terror† while facing the audience, Bridie broke the fourth wall as a result it displayed Bridie’s fragile condition allowing the audience to sympathise for Bridie.This notion further reinforced by the incorporation of juxtaposition contrasting past experiences within the camp to her response while surrounded by harmless Japanese tourists 50 years later. Additionally, Misto’s purpose was to bring light to the lack of awareness of the nurses to ensure they received recognition for the events they’ve endured. Throughout the play Misto’s input of projections of war atrocities reinforce Bridie and Sheila’s anecdotes of pain and hardship.In addition this not only reinforces the distinctively visual that are being perceived through the dialogue but as well concrete images Misto utilises in conjunction to the abstract stories to reflect the period Bridie and Sheila was in the camp. In particular Misto’s application of symbolism in scenes 13 creates emphasis on the diaries; â€Å"those diaries were our only hope†. A piece of history that re-tell the events which occurred during WWII in the Japanese camps were burned byBritish, Misto ideally wanted this scene to be acknowledged by audience in order for them to understand Sheila’s perspective. It was apparent the British did not want the events that impacted the women’s lives to be know n, as they would be considered a shame to the empire. Furthermore it is transparent that the British’s response to burn the diaries affected Sheila’s decision to stay in Perth instead of moving back to her homeland, this notion of staying in Australia is strongly juxtaposed as Sheila is patriotic â€Å"one never stops being British. Nor does one not want to. †

Aristoles View on Drama - 1347 Words

Preamble Drama is an aspect of literature represented in performances and has been a part of the world for many decades. Drama originated in classical Greece around the fifth century B.C. The earliest performances took place in amphitheaters, which the Greeks invented to incorporate plays in their religious and civic festivals. These Greek festivals were huge theatrical events filled with three days of drama. The structure of the amphitheater allowed for an audience of thousands to observe the theatrics and watch as the actors vie to win the drama competition. In addition, ancient Greek theater used dramas to relay moral and political messages to their communities. There are two different categories of drama: comedy and tragedy. Greek†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare is said to have shaped the beginnings of modern day culture through his tragic plays by introducing man as the tragic hero rather than the Gods. Although both Miller and Shakespeare have modified the classic Greek tragedies in this manner they still fulfill Aristotle’s definition of tragedy in many ways. Aristotle Vs Othello and Death of a Salesman Shakespeare’s protagonist, Othello and Miller’s protagonist, Willy Lowman are both considered the tragic heroes in the play. Othello is a moor and a general in Venetian army. He is experienced in battle and valued by the people. Since he is this well-respected military leader, the people listened and cared about what he had to say. One instance of his high regard can be seen when one of the senators said, â€Å"Here comes Barbantio and the valiant Moor, (Act I scene 3). With Othello overcoming racist Venice and managing to gain this high status in the community, Aristotle’s first requirement for a tragic hero is fulfilled. However, many would argue that in Millers play, Willy Lowman’s character stretches the definition of a tragic hero. Since Willy Lowman was a mere salesman struggling to seize the American dream he would definitely not be considered a man of high status. Although Willy Lowman did hold one hono rable position and that was head of the household. This is illustrated during a conversation that Willy’s wife Linda has with their son Biff. Linda Says â€Å"No. You cantShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannus1914 Words   |  8 PagesSophocles weaves a complex story that can be interpreted on many different levels of intellectual thinking. This play, since the time it was staged has been subjected to countless forms of analysis and interpretations. The most famous one being the Aristole’s interpretation of the play in his book â€Å"Poetics†, on what makes it a perfect tragedy. So, what is â€Å"Oedipus Tyrannus is really about†, that still keeps fascinating the intellectuals and readers alike. Is it the developing mystery that captivates

Titration Basics Acid, Bases, and Buffers

Titration is a procedure used in chemistry in order to determine the molarity of an acid or a base. A chemical reaction is set up between a known volume of a solution of unknown concentration and a known volume of a solution with a known concentration. The relative acidity (basicity) of an aqueous solution can be determined using the relative acid (base) equivalents. An acid equivalent is equal to one mole of H or H3O ions. Similarly, a base equivalent is equal to one mole of OH- ions. Keep in mind, some acids and bases are polyprotic, meaning each mole of the acid or base is capable of releasing more than one acid or base equivalent. When the solution of known concentration and the solution of unknown concentration are reacted to the point where the number of acid equivalents equals the number of base equivalents (or vice versa), the equivalence point is reached. The equivalence point of a strong acid or a strong base will occur at pH 7. For weak acids and bases, the equivalence point need not occur at pH 7. There will be several equivalence points for polyprotic acids and bases. How to Estimate the Equivalence Point There are two common methods of estimating the equivalence point: Use a pH meter. For this method, a graph is made plotting the pH of the solution as a function of the volume of added titrant.Use an indicator. This method relies on observing a color change in the solution. Indicators are weak organic acids or bases that are different colors in their dissociated and undissociated states. Because they are used in low concentrations, indicators do not appreciably alter the equivalence point of a titration. The point at which the indicator changes color is called the end point. For a properly performed titration, the volume difference between the endpoint and the equivalence point is small. Sometimes the volume difference (error) is ignored; in other cases, a correction factor may be applied. The volume added to achieve the end point may be calculated using this formula: VANA VBNB where V is volume, N is normality, A is acid, and B is a base.

Fantasy Rhetoric Essay - 1619 Words

Fantasy Rhetoric: Summary and Analysis of Katherine Fowkes’s Fantasy Films A Rhetoric Analysis consists of a multitude of attributes some larger than others and some not specifically require. Among those are certain attributes that are what provides the foundation of any Rhetoric work, Logos, Pathos, and Ethos or persuasive appeal. My job is to show you the other attributes consisting of the context of the argument, the authors’ attitude, and the tone of the overall work. So first I will have to fill you in to Katherine Fowkes’s work. Katherine A. Fowkes in Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film, Vol. 2 she explains the notion of fantasy in traditional application of film through her chapter Fantasy Films. She defines its context in this†¦show more content†¦By the 1950’s science fiction began to take off as the current event of the day lend to new stories of space travel, atomic energy mishaps and the monsters that ensued. With sound also came the advent of musicals many of which were delightful fantasies by the likes of Disney and bring the fairy tales and children’s books to life on the screen. Now art also had a place to be expressed through the outlet of fantasy films, by the likes of Dalà ­ and Bruňuel disorienting pieces. During the 1970’s and beyond the science fiction reclaimed a spot in fantasy with the likes of E.T. and Star Wars and blend though was involve of the fantasy and science fiction as there was no explanation of Yoda’s magical qualities or E.T.’s healing powers. When CGI came it was able to bring the audience to a new level of fantasy pushing the bound of what the imagination could provide with the likes of The Matrix, The Abyss or films made completely of CGI like Toy Story. Fowkes thinks that though fantasy theory ideology is most commonly associated with literature, it also can be applied to cinema. The modes of fantasy would be referenced as â€Å"uncanny†, â€Å"fantastic†, and â€Å"marvelous.† Uncanny is in reference to the idea of the â€Å"experience of feelings of awe and hesitation provoked by strange, improbable events (Fowkes 192).† If thisShow MoreRelated Simulation Proliferation and the City Essay3639 Words   |  15 Pagesphilosophy of fantasy in a highly commercial, idyllic, anti-city movie. Those lucky children of the 80’s witnessed the depiction and eventual summarization of the relation between fantasy, imagination, fiction, story, and control in the politico-creative manifesto, The Neverending Story (Wolfgang Peterson 1984). In the movie, Sebastian (a somewhat troubled young boy) reads a book (whose unfolding is the main content of the screen) and is then implicated in the collapse of a fantasy world. LateRead MoreRhetoric And The On Social Media Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesmedia, when we hear the word rhetoric we often cringe. Yet there are very few that actually have a true grasp of the words meaning. When we first started the semester we heard rhetoric being described as â€Å"mere crookery†. Rhetoric is simply the process of making messages and messages made by that process, and these messages are used to influence social attitudes, the values and even actions of the intended audiences. If we look at it in the same lens of Aristotle, rheto ric is to lead us to the bestRead MoreEssay Rhetorical Visions in the Film, American History X3044 Words   |  13 PagesBormann’s Symbolic Convergence Theory and Fantasy Theme. The goal of this paper is to â€Å"provide insight in the shared worldview of a group of rhetors† (Bormann as cited in Foss 121). I will also show repeated phrases that lead to different rhetorical visions. I will explain how fantasy types emerge and also how symbolism reflects the rhetorical visions. The first part of my paper will include two different literary reviews that have been done on fantasy themes. One of them specificallyRead MoreEssay on Sacrifice to the Signifier, in Comic Praise of the Logos1345 Words   |  6 Pagessignified emerged from a cluster of signifiers (men chained before a blazing fire, shadows on a cave wall, etc.). At once self-consciously artificial and didactic, Socrates’ allegory prompts an understanding, produces a knowledge that leans upon fantasy and imagination as its only supports. Replying to Socrates, Glaucon registers his appreciation of the allegory: All this I see. Perhaps this primal scene of philosophical instruction can most productively be grasped as a deaf moment, or as anRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Pharmaceutical Innovation: Can We Live Forever? a Commentary on Schnittker and Karandinos1013 Words   |  5 Pageson Schnittker and Karandinos† he addresses the article made by Schnittker and Karandinos about the progression of pharmaceuticals and whether or not we have advanced enough to significantly increase our life expectancy. Lexchin uses a plethora of rhetoric to persuade the reader into believing his argument, mostly relying upon logos, chiefly facts, to appeal to the logical and sensible side of the readers. His argument is not limited to logos though, as there are faint traces of pathos, the longingRead MoreEssay on Response to Bitzers Rhetorical Situation2241 Words   |  9 Pagesmoral because it is an act performed in a situation of a certain kind; similarly, a work is rhetorical because it is a response to a situatio n of a certain kind†.(3) By defining the rhetorical situation in this way, Bitzer further contends that rhetoric is a means to altering reality. (4) It is through the use of discourse that one is capable of changing reality through thought and action. (4) Bitzer then elaborates upon the nature of a rhetorical situation by explaining that rhetorical discourseRead MoreJumbo Wild Persuasive Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals have experience, they are overshadowed by the deed they are promoting. Patagonia didn’t leave out crucial parts to support their intended objective, they let the people do it for them. Meaning they didn’t have manipulate quotes to fit their rhetoric. You can have the most qualified economist in the world tell that one industry will attract more profit but if the area doesn’t need it, or the people don’t want it, who cares. Initially, the narrator gains his credibility as being a film makerRead MoreThe Visceral Politics of V for Vendetta: On Politica Affect in Cinema6851 Words   |  28 Pagesaffect in cinema. As a case study, I analyze the 2006 film V for Vendetta as cinematic rhetoric. Adopting a multi-modal approach that focuses on the interplay of discourse, figure, and ground, I contend that the film mobilizes viewers at a visceral level to reject a politics of apathy in favor of a politics of democratic struggle. Based on the analysis, I draw conclusions related to the evaluation of cinematic rhetoric, the political import of mass art, and the character and role of affect in politicsRead MorePersuasion, The, And Free Choice Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pageson Pharoh Huni. (McCroskey, 1972) Huni was known to be the individual who wrote the first essay on persuasion back in 3,000 B.C. The person who made the biggest significant contribution to persuasion is Aristotle, who wrote three books in terms of rhetoric. Aristotle discovered that persuasion had three purposes ethos, pathos, and/or logos. Ethos is known to be the nature of the communicator or persuader, pathos is the emotions of the audience or persuadee, and logos is the nature of the actual messageRead MoreThe Saturn Myth As A Type Of Meta Structure740 Words   |  3 Pages It may be possible, if the monstrous rhetoric could be traced to its origin, to establish a type of meta-structure by which to identify uses of language and metaphor which rely on the monstrous to create difference or marginality. A brief look into the European origins of cannibalism, not as a practice but as a metaphorical construction, leads back to the Saturn myth. Again, Zika notes the use of the Saturn myth as the â€Å"explicit basis for [the] association between witch and cannibal,† and notes

Big data and Its Application

Questions: Part AThis part emphasizes on the use of Big Data and its applications. Students are required to demonstrate research in the area of Big Data and its solutions. Over the past several years the retail sector has been bombarded with challenges. Brick-and Mortar stores have closed in record numbers and continue to do so. Indeed virtually every member of the entire industry is at high risk. They are vexed by several threats ranging from increased competition from online super-shopper sites such as Amazon to a plethora of more brand-specific problems, such as lack of differentiators, pricing pressures, muddled marketing messaging, poor businesses processes, online pricing/brand comparison sites, customer reviews on their own websites, vulnerability to customer social messaging, and an overall disconnection with buying public. One of the retail sectors is Alanas Retail Clothing House (ARCH). ARCH former strategies in merchandising, merchandise selection, pricing models, customer service, a nd marketing are no longer working as effectively as they have in the past. They are planning to introduce a new product into the market. However, in recent times the company has made some bad investment decisions which in turn have impacted their profit bottom line. Thus the senior management requires a thorough analysis of every new product that is introduced to the market. As a senior Data analyst, you have been appointed to advise the senior management on the feasibility of the new product.Your task is to suggest ways how Big Data Solutions can help Alanas Retail Clothing House. You need to write a report to the senior management on Product selection and pricing, using Big Data to develop new pricing models, to find better ways to get more, better, and cleaner customer data which can help profitability. Part B:You are required to select and examine an existing company that is currently using business intelligence and decision support systems using Big Data as part of its busine ss strategy. In order for you to meet the requirements of this Part B, you need to answer the following questions: Discuss in detail what kind of Big Data online or offline is being used for the business. How the organization of chose the right Big Data application for their business. Discuss in detail what Big Data tools and techniques are used by the organization to support its business operations or processes. Provide examples on how those tools and techniques are used in the organization. What improvements/enhancements can be observed from this company as compared to other companies within the same industry when using Big data? What are the Business and Organizational impact using Big Data? How do you think Big Data solutions provide values to business intelligence to your chosen company and its customers? What are the main factors that influence the success of business intelligence in the company? Answers: Introduction: In retail sector, big data expedites the analysis of behavior of in-store purchase in real time. With this kind of facility to have quick insight into demand scenario, retail stores can manage their stock levels, prices, merchandise and also able to maximize sales.Big data provides the ability to store huge volume of data set, which is beyond the capacity of commonly used software tools to curate, capture, process and manage a large volume of data within a desired amount of time. With a shift form few dozen terabytes to petabytes of data, size of Big data is increasing day by day. Big data is nothing but a set of technologies and techniques which is made up of new forms of integration to reveal a large volume of data values from a large set of data that are of massive scale, complex and diverse in nature. Architecture of a big data technology is having five layers- Presentation layer, application layer, Storage layer and integration layer. Part A: Big data and its Application: Big data provides the ability to store huge volume of data set, which is beyond the capacity of commonly used software tools to curate, capture, process and manage a large volume of data within a desired amount of time. With a shift form few dozen terabytes to petabytes of data, size of Big data is increasing day by day. Big data is nothing but a set of technologies and techniques which is made up of new forms of integration to reveal a large volume of data values from a large set of data that are of massive scale, complex and diversein nature(Zhao, Fan and Hu, 2014). Architecture of a big data technology is having five layers- Presentation layer, application layer, Storage layer and integration layer. For process management and workflow, presentation layer provides primary interface. Application layer is the place, where modeling, analysis and business intelligence are executed(Chugh and Grandhi, 2013).The storage and processing layer store and process a huge volume of unstructured and structured data either in real time or in non-real time. Lastly, the integration layer work as an interface between the several enterprise data sources across an organization and helps to move data in, out and throughout the architecture of big data(Bernardino and Ribeiro, 2011). Market research has been conducting based so many products since a century. Importance of market research is increasing gradually in order to determine the market strength of a particular product. Big data solution for Alanas Retail Clothing House (ARCH): While retail sectors are in concern, big data explores the analysis of behavior of in-store purchase in real time. With this kind of facility to have quick insight into demand scenario, retail stores can manage their stock levels, prices, merchandise and also able to maximize sales(Vera-Baquero, Colomo-Palacios and Molloy, 2013). With the incorporation ofBig data and BI (Business Intelligence) tools, ARCH can have the ability of massive processing capability to produce the large data sets and helps to analyze the market trend with respect to a particular product. This in turn helps the company to uncover the cost-reducing opportunities(Bi and Cochran, 2014). In this context ARCH will have a great impact in three areas, due to the incorporation of Big data and BI tools, such as- Customer intimacy: organizations are in rush to gather customer data form interactive websites, third-party data banks, government and online communities. That is where Big data put a great impact to strengthen the corporate strategy. As a social-media Platform Facebook is telling about 30 billion contents are shared by users daily(Duan and Xiong, 2015). On the other hand it is now possible to bring the customer contact and social media feeds in a one place. With the further advancement of the analytical tools, it becomes possible to allow more effective, efficient and effective tool with least processing cost. Hence it can help to develop new insights rapidly(Chugh and Grandhi, 2013). It is a big opportunity for ARCH, if its owners are thinking to build a web portal to incorporate the E-commerce in the business model. Big data help to customize product offers in real time environment. For example, AMAZON has adopted this technique since few years by displaying the related products with the purchased products. In offer giving offline advertisement alsoBigdata assists in ad placement by analyzing which TV programs will deliver the greatest impact for several segments of customer(De Ville, 2006). Production Innovation: New Big data opportunities are coming up across the globe to gather past and related data from many sources whether it is an online data or offline data. The weak side of a business scenario comes up when data collection is something hard-to-find. With concept of Big data what was once proprietary information, now can be accessed from public to private resources. After this data collection, it is possible for ARCH to generate revenue by analyzing the market of their product. Even customers buying behavior will also help ARCH to improve their product and they can offer dynamic pricing along with different content. For example, Facebook runs lots of experiments everyday with a set of users. These users are seeing different features than others. Even Amazon offers different content along with dynamic pricing applicable for several customers and adjustments are made appropriately(Duan and Xiong, 2015). Operations: Before something starts deteriorating it is needed to take efficient steps to fix. In previous scenario of ARCH allows information to be rustin storage area and that was a waste of opportunity. Supply chain data offers several information-rich interactions, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) for capturing the physical movement of products. This scope allows getting information on manufacturing sites, customers, suppliers and asset movement, revenue, customers in real time.Allowing customer information and their purchased item of ARCH is not everything but the way it is seen from the perspective of customers is important.I.e. when a promotion ofARCHs substitute product will take place in the market, then it will reveal the actual customer preferences(GlenysVahn, 2014). With the incorporation of Big data and BI (Business Intelligence) tools, ARCH can have the ability of massive processing capability to produce the large data sets and helps to analyze the market trend with respect to a particular product. This in turn helps the company to uncover the cost-reducing opportunities. Conclusion: With concept of Big data what was once less known information, now can be accessed from public to private resources. With the further advancement and incorporation of analytical tools, it becomes possible to allow more effective and efficient tool with least processing cost. With the mining techniques, such as, classification allows to segregate collected data as per the similarities. With Classification Rule Mining, it became possible to indentify frequency of a particular product and even it becomes possible to find other frequent product that is coming frequently with a most frequent product. That in turn helps to mine the buying behavior of customers. This scope allows getting information on manufacturing sites, customers, suppliers and asset movement, revenue, customers in real time which helps the top most person of company to take decision. All those in turn help ARCH and its organizational heads to take effective decisions. Part B: Introduction: Business Intelligence tools are kind of application software, which are designed for retrieving, analyzing, transforming and making report data for business intelligence. These kinds of tools generally used to read and analyze data, which have been stored previously in data warehouses. Categories of BI tools are: Querying and Reporting software, spreadsheets, OLAP, data mining, local information systems, Data warehousing and Digital dashboards (Heinrichs, Lim and Hudspeth, 2002). All the big data tools and techniques help to get store, retrieve and modify data easily those stored in physical locations and virtual spaces, such as cloud. This tools techniques are use to track the product market and revenue growth from a remote location, as data can be stored on virtual space. Hence it can be concluded that Big data is nothing but the large data set to analyze, revel the pattern among those gathered data specially related to human behavior. Company that is currently using business intelligence and decision support systems in its business strategy: With the incorporation of DSS standard and BI (Business Intelligence) tools, Levi Strauss can have the ability of massive processing capability to produce the large data sets and helps to analyze the market trend with respect to a particular product. This in turn helps the company to uncover the cost-reducing opportunities(Huang et al., 2014).Supply chain data offers different information using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology to capture the physical movement of products. This scope allows getting information on customers, suppliers and asset movement, revenue, customers in real time. 1. Levi has adopted this technique since few years by displaying the related products with the purchased products. In offer giving offline advertisement also Big data assists in ad placement by analyzing which TV programs will deliver the greatest impact for several segments of customer (Duan and Xiong, 2015). On the other hand Levi DSSs allows manager of Levi to take decision and also make it easy for managers to examine the performance of the distributors, supplier and manufacturer over supply chain management. Levi is Involved in offline retail to measure and ultimately optimize brick-and-mortar of retail stores. Data those are stored in an offline storage are linked with the data warehouse. Tools those are used in Big data fetch records form offline storage and make analysis over those data. Before making analysis upon those data, data are fetched and stored using offline storage or in a virtual storage space such as clouds.While we are considering the data collection of Levi in the form of online or offline, Levi Strauss manage to collect their big data from online source through their official FB page and through the official sites of Levi. If offline data collection of Levi is considered, it shows their offline customer care service when a customer arrives to their store. Customers opinion makes a huge different towards the required improvement and opinion on the existing system engaged in production and customer service(Kirkpatrick, 2013).2. Jeanswear giant LS Co has chosen Capgemini for the development of an integrated data warehouse and BI platform to analyze the data, which are flowing within the company. Being one of the worlds largest apparel companies, LSCO leverages multiple analytics and BI systems in order to support its wholesale and retail business units. According to the new deal Capgemini will be working with Teradata and SAP to implement the SAP BusinessObject, BI platform 4.0. This is designed so to provide a global, single and broad-base d view of the data flow of the organization. Hence it can help Levi to drive revenue and also allowsmaking decrement in costs(Leeuwen and Timmermans, 2004).3. According to the vice president, application services, Tammy Amirault, Levis continued success on global business depends on Levis capability to give quick reaction to the movement of data across the enterprise (Leonard, 2013). Which in turn helps in determining customers buying behavior. Customer data are collected and analyzed with respect to the substitute product. It is now possible to bring the customer contact and social media feeds in a one place. With the further advancement of the analytical tools, it becomes possible to allow more effective, efficient and tool with least processing cost (Kirkpatrick, 2013).4. With the big data solution data are stored and fetched in/form virtual and physical storage medium. Those data are gathered, analyzed, and lastly classified to know the actual preference of the customers and eve n it is possible to understand their buying behavior. Examining theses customers preferences and their behavior companies can take their valuable decisions for their future benefits. Even customers can get better shopping experience while they are purchasing materials online. For example users can maintain their account and update their wish list as per their preferences that in turn helps a business organization to know present market trend. 5. With the incorporation of Big data it became possible to incorporate the BI tools and other analytic tools to analyze the market of a particular product. Even it became possible to incorporate the some value added services and offers as per the most frequently sold products. On the other hand companies are now a day became able to understand strategies of other companies to sale the substitute products due to the online presence of the customer data, their preferences and stock report. These stock reports are easy to maintain and easy to fet ch the customer records along with the revenue report due to the incorporation of data mining and other analytics methodologies. Conclusion: Now a day Organizations are in rush to gather customer data form interactive websites, third-party data banks, government and online communities in order to collect a huge amount of data on customer information, their preference while choosing substitute product. That is where Big data put a great impact to strengthen the corporate strategy. For example, Facebook is telling about 30 billion contents are shared by users daily. On the other hand it is now possible to bring the customer contact and social media feeds in a one place. The weak side of a business scenario comes up when data collection is something hard-to-find. With concept of Big data what was once proprietary information, now can be accessed from public to private resources. With the further advancement of the analytical tools, it becomes possible to allow more effective and efficient tool with least processing cost.Supply chain data offers different information along with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology an organization capture the physical movement of products. This scope allows getting information on manufacturing sites, customers, suppliers and asset movement, revenue, customers in real time which helps the top most person of company to take decision. Hence it can help to develop new insights rapidly. It is also possible by incorporating data mining with the Big data to know the buying pattern while a large volume of data on customerand product and revenue movement are fetched. With the mining techniques, such as, classification allows to segregate collected data as per the similarities. With Classification Rule Mining, it became possible to indentify frequency of a particular product and even it becomes possible to find other frequent product that is coming frequently with a most frequent product. That in turn helps to mine the buying behavior of customers. References Bernardino, J. and Ribeiro, P. (2011). Open source Business Intelligence: an alternative to proprietary tools. International Journal of Electronic Business, 9(3), p.219. Bi, Z. and Cochran, D. (2014). Big data analytics with applications. Journal of Management Analytics, 1(4), pp.249-265. Chugh, R. and Grandhi, S. (2013). Why Business Intelligence?. International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 4(2), pp.1-14. De Ville, B. (2006). Decision trees for business intelligence and data mining. Cary, NC: SAS Institute. Duan, L. and Xiong, Y. (2015). Big data analytics and business analytics. Journal of Management Analytics, pp.1-21. Glenys Vahn, G. (2014). BUSINESS ANALYTICS IN THE AGE OF BIG DATA. Business Strategy Review, 25(3), pp.8-9. Heinrichs, J., Lim, J. and Hudspeth, L. (2002). Teaching Strategic Marketing Models with Web-Based Business Intelligence Tools: Innovative Guided Marketing Analysis. Journal of Marketing Education, 24(2), pp.135-142. Huang, R., Sato, A., Tamura, T., Ma, J. and Yen, N. (2014). Towards next-generation business intelligence: an integrated framework based on DME and KID fusion engine. Multimedia Tools and Applications. Kirkpatrick, R. (2013). Big Data for Development. Big Data, 1(1), pp.3-4. Leeuwen, J. and Timmermans, H. (2004). Recent advances in design and decision support systems in architecture and urban planning. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Leonard, P. (2013). Customer data analytics: privacy settings for 'Big Data' business. International Data Privacy Law, 4(1), pp.53-68. Mayer-Schonberger, V. and Cukier, K. (2013). Big data. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Ohlhorst, F. (2013). Big data analytics. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Rohweder, J. (2005). Middle Mississippi River Decision Support System. Reston, Va.: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Vera-Baquero, A., Colomo-Palacios, R. and Molloy, O. (2013). Business Process Analytics Using a Big Data Approach. IT Prof., 15(6), pp.29-35. Zhao, J., Fan, S. and Hu, D. (2014). Business challenges and research directions of management analytics in the big data era. Journal of Management Analytics, 1(3), pp.169-174.