The Fall Of The Roman Empire Essays (1299 words) - First Triumvirate

The Fall Of The Roman Empire For men who had effectively suffered difficulty, risk and troublesome vulnerability, recreation and wealth, however here and there attractive, demonstrated oppressive and a wellspring of despondency. The reasons for the breakdown of the early Roman Republic can't be credited to a solitary occasion, pattern or individual, rather it was because of a blend of each of the three in shifting degrees. The head and principal cause was the breakdown of the political governing rules, especially the Cursus Honorum from 133 BC onwards. This disruption happened both unintentionally and through the incendiary conduct of people, unknowingly and deliberately sabotaging the texture of the republic as they continued looking for force and magnificence. One considerable result of this debilitation was the development of viciousness as a political methods. When this had happened the finish of the old republic was proclaimed an absolutist autocracy was conceived. The republic was conceived out of a fallen government and was explicitly equipped to forestall a centralization of intensity. The components to this end were contained in the Cursus Honorum, a record that illustrated the stepping stool of workplaces. It requested, in addition to other things, 10 years of military or lawful assistance before any magistracy could be held, yearly political decision and two years between sequential workplaces. This framework was intended to guarantee that no individual could turn out to be excessively incredible by separating ward betwe en a few gatherings and taking into account veto. The Gracchi siblings, Tiberius and Gaius are frequently accused for causing divisions and threatening the privileged and especially the senate by presenting laws and enactment that, in spite of the fact that advancing libertarianism for poor people, were impetuses to later penetrates of the Cursus Honorum. Both Tiberius and Gaius had laws authorized without talking with the senate. This debilitated the senate's capacity and begun a pattern of disregarding the senate that stayed until the breakdown. These Graccian changes incorporated the usage of a government assistance framework whereby Romans residents would be sans given corn and the Lex Agraria or land changes that separated the latafundia and expanded the quantity of little scope ranches. The government assistance corn framework excited brutal annoyance from the respectability as well as made a urban horde that depended on presents and later took an interest in viciousness. Tiberius Gracchus ran for political race to the tribuna te for a long time successively (123 and 122 BC). This was in direct inconsistency to the Cursus Honorum. The senate, when they knew about Tiberius' arrangement, slaughtered him. This activity was noteworthy, because of it being the first occasion when that savagery had been utilized for a political end, it was not to be the last. Marius and Sulla, incredible pioneers of Rome from 119 to 78 BC, can be ascribed some portion of the fault for the breakdown of the republic. Their steady quarreling prompted factional battling among the individuals and inevitably to common war. Marius came into power before Sulla and, similar to the Gracchi, demonstrated a propensity towards upsetting business as usual and irritated the honorability. Marius' changes fixated on military change, the most disputable of which was the augmentation of military help for the landless class. This apparently inconsequential change had wide repercussions since it made semi-proficient warriors as opposed to a resident civilian army. Since no annuity conspire was sorted out, the warriors were to a great extent reliant on their leaders for installment and benefits of land. This reliance prompted the officers being attached to their authorities, taking into consideration the later improvement of armed forces that were faithful to people as opposed to the state. Marius' disdain for the Cursus Honorum is outlined by his remaining in the consular races while not in Rome, a post that he pic ked up and held for a long time. This activity was in direct inconsistency to the standard of one-year consulships in the Cursus Honorum and permitted Marius to set up a force base that he utilized for his own political plans. Both Marius and Sulla utilized savagery straightforwardly as a political methods. The main such episode was during the council political race where Marius slaughtered Nonnius, a political adversary to his companion Saturnius. This was by all account not the only case of viciousness from Marius. When come back from banish, he slaughtered each and every individual who had ever insulted him and took their property for himself. Sulla was very little

Unemployment RatesI. Abstract Essay Example For Students

Joblessness RatesI. Unique Essay This paper explores the connection between the joblessness paces of College graduates and High School graduates. From this examination, apparently the relationship is reasonably powerless. II. Presentation Numerous individuals seek after a degree to get away from the certainty of joblessness. Clearly numerous individuals feel an advanced degree is significant, and greater work openings will emerge in the event that one has a degree. Then again, would someone be able to be similarly as effective with just a High School degree? Is there a relationship between the joblessness paces of College and High School graduates? This spring quarter I have gotten learned with respect to how to utilize the Storm programming. Along these lines, I am ready to contrast information acquired with decide whether a specific relationship exists between the two factors. Because of utilizing this data, I had the option to precisely state if there was any sort of connection between the joblessness paces of College and High School graduates. III. Conversation of Variables It may be believed that the joblessness paces of College graduates and High School graduates are connected in that when the joblessness paces of High School graduates builds, the joblessness pace of College graduates may be relied upon to decay or stay consistent. The purpose behind being is on the grounds that it is accepted that having a professional education implies more noteworthy employer stability. To test this hypothesis, 40 information components are procured. Arbitrariness is looked for by choosing the information on the most recent day of the month for 40 sequential months beginning with January 2001, and finishing with April 2004. This timespan incorporates joblessness rates that are not occasionally balanced. The information on the joblessness paces of both College and High School graduates was found in the U.S. Division of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. IV. Conversation of the Results The example is depicted utilizing a direct relapse model. The outcome is communicated by the recipe: High School (Y) = 2.14 + 1.04 College (X). The R-squared at 0. 40 recommends that the relationship is tolerably powerless because of the way that R-squared speaks to a more grounded relationship the closer the number is to 1. An investigation of the leftover diagrams shows that the relationship is poor because of curvilinearity for joblessness paces of College graduates and poor because of infringement of both homoscedasticity and linearity supposition for the joblessness paces of High School graduates. This effects on the outcomes by saying that the diagrams show that the model doesn't depict the information completely. V. End Taken in general, this model appears to require greater refinement being that the R-squared is entirely moderate at 0.40. This model may be of little use in foreseeing future developments of secondary school (Y) when school (X) moves. Especially intriguing is the means by which the joblessness rates for both College and High School graduates have expanded during the years, and that one if not affected by the other essentially. VI. Reference section When attempting to depict a universe, for example, the connection between joblessness paces of secondary school graduates versus school graduates, one may take an irregular example and expect that the example satisfactorily speaks to the universe. The example in this examination is the joblessness rates for 40 back to back a very long time of those with basically a High School confirmation versus the individuals who have a College certificate (Bachelors Degree or Higher). Next, measures are taken of the example, and a model assessed. On the off chance that the model is a decent estimator of the example, it is not out of the ordinary that the model is a decent estimator of the universe. In this investigation, the model is certainly not a decent estimator of the example, and along these lines it isn't relied upon to be a decent estimator of the universe. .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e , .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e .postImageUrl , .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e , .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e:hover , .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e:visited , .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e:active { border:0!important; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e:active , .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u5b38d6e9a4 dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u5b38d6e9a4dc9032316cf5d30bdfc73e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Visual Impairment EssayThe model utilized in this paper is the direct relapse model, which endeavors to display the connection between two factors by fitting a straight condition to watched information. One variable is viewed as an informative variable, and the other is viewed as a reliant variable (Poole OFarrell 1). There are a few research targets for which the relapse model might be utilized, yet they might be arranged into three gatherings: (I) the calculation of point gauges, (II) the deduction of interim evaluations, and (III) the testing .

Blog Archive In Other News A Mobile MBA, a Masters Degree in Business and Fashion, and Harvards Gender Initiative

Blog Archive In Other News… A Mobile MBA, a Master’s Degree in Business and Fashion, and Harvard’s Gender Initiative The new mobile MBA program would allow students to access learning materials and tutors on their smartphones. The business school world is constantly buzzing with change and innovation. Each week, in addition to our regular news posts, we briefly touch on a few notable stories from this dynamic field in one roundup. Here is what caught our eye this week: Business schools are constantly evolving to stay competitive. Now, the London School of Marketing has taken a technological step forward by launching a mobile MBA program. Students can access learning materials and tutors on their smartphones, allowing for a more flexible study schedule. “Our blended learning approach to higher education gives the student the best of both worlds,” the school’s CFO Anton Dominique commented to the International Business Times. “[Students] can study at a time and place to suit them and we’ve adapted the technology we use to make that happen.” Back in the United States, another school is hoping to build a bridge between fashion and business education with a Master of Science in Business of Fashion program. Rutgers Business School-Newark and Brunswick designed the program to “create a new breed of industry professionals,” Tavy Ronen, the founding director of the program, commented in a press release from the school. The program will launch in the fall, and students will be able to complete the degree in either one or two years. Last year, Harvard Business School launched its Gender Initiative, which was intended toâ€"according to the schoolâ€"“promote the advancement of women in business.” One year later, the Harvard Crimson took a closer look at how the initiative has fared. Angela C. Winkle, president of the school’s Women’s Student Association, believes the initiative has raised awareness on campus of gender imbalance in business. “[It is] very much in the consciousness [of students and faculty],” she commented. Share ThisTweet Harvard University (Harvard Business School) News

Global Management Skills - 779 Words

MINA MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE SHARING THE VISION OF EXCELLENCE GLOBAL MANAGEMENT SKILLS The collapse of international economic boundaries, rapid changes, workforce mobility and diversity, and the economic interdependence of countries is what is popularly known as Globalisation. This phenomena poses difficult challenges to everyone especially mangers to reassess their capabilities and get ready to manage internationally. The need arises from the fact that traditional management skills are designed to manage only in local environment which is comparatively static and non changing. Contrarily international business environment is highly volatile, and rapidly changing. The skills meant for local environment will thus be insufficient if one†¦show more content†¦Getting involved with the right partners and avoiding wrong associates is a highly desirable trait which must be learnt by these managers. 3-CROSS CULTURAL SENSITIVITY: Culture means the set of beliefs, values and attitudes deeply held by people of one country, race or religion which set them apart from other people belonging to different countries, races, and religions. Culture deeply affects peoples values, beliefs and perceptions and make them different than that of others. This may lead to a lot of misunderstandings. For example a Westerner while talking to someone in the East who is looking down and not maintaining eyes contact with him may perceive that person to be some one telling lies. Contrarily the Easterner being looked directly into his eyes may find it rude or intimidating. To overcome these types of problems managers must develop cross cultural sensitivity-the ability to correctly understand, respect ad successfully deal with the people of other cultures. It should be emphasised here that cross cultural sensitivity is extremely important for a modern manager as trivial mistakes can lead to great losses and problems. 4- SELF MOTIVATION: Self motivation is the ability to pick up one’s self on continuous basis. Away from home country in another place many things can happen leading to disappointments and failures. To cope up, an international manager must see it very positively and showShow MoreRelatedGlobal Management Skills2761 Words   |  12 Pages411 2010 Global Management Skills and Training Globalization has flattened our borders and increased our opportunities for trade, participating in joint ventures or establishing foreign direct investments in other countries. Unlike managing a business on US soil interacting and directing a company in a foreign country requires an advanced skill set to be successful. Those skills should include a general business education and an advanced or MBA program focused on global management highlightingRead MoreDecathlon Group: Global Management Skills3643 Words   |  15 Pagesand thoroughly in order to be successful. Global Management Skills Managing others is a skill not everyone possesses, but it is something that everyone can learn (Bass Avolio, 1994; Sommers Barnes, 2001). However, management of people cannot be learned overnight, and that is especially true when it comes to an overseas assignment where everything is different and the culture and language can quickly become barriers to understand and proper management of employees. My principal strength as aRead MoreGlobal Management Skills of the Walmart Corporation Essay2100 Words   |  9 Pagesand objective Research Title A Research into Developing Global Management Skills of Wal-Mart (Japan) Research Question How to reduce the impact of cultural issues on Wal-Mart’s business in Japan through the development of global management skills? Research Objective 1. To investigate the importance of developing global management skills 2. Training to develop global management skills 3. Learning how to develop global management skills 1.3 Research rationale / contribution I found thatRead MoreManagement Skills Need For The Business Successful And Profitable At The Global Platform1638 Words   |  7 Pagesfails miserably to engage their employees. The management skills need to be effectively leveraged so as to maximize the success of the business and are the key elements for making the healthy and desirable workplace. Business is an entity with several numbers of internal and external customers and these customers are effectively managed via effective management skills. Thus, management skills is about knowing and doing, whereby conceptual rules of management is easy to understand but it is the capabilityRead MorePersonal Statement On Experiential Exercise930 Words   |  4 Pagestaking the â€Å"Apply Your Skills: Experiential Exercise† survey on page 29 of the Management textbook, I learned that my managerial skills scored the lowest in the technical skills category. Whether I am too subjective in my answers or I misunderstood some of the q uestions, I believe this is, in some part, an error. My technical skills have led me to excel in my jobs throughout the years. My next lowest score was in the human skills category. The textbook defines human skill as â€Å"the manager’s abilityRead MoreDynamic Globalized Business Has Changed Managers Job1160 Words   |  5 Pagestheir job. However, due to the changes of business world, supervisors may need to deal with complicated international management issues, such as managing change, managing multi-cultural workers and managing subsidiary. Managers’ job can be described into three categories, which are function, roles and skills. The changes of managers’ jobs have changed the functions, roles, and skills of managers become more complicated and hard. This essay will first define the term of globalization. Then it willRead MoreQuestions On Skills And Skills922 Words   |  4 PagesSkills Approach Introduction The area of leadership skills and abilities has been studied by many researchers. One of the models was put forward by Katz in which he determined three various levels of skills that leaders in organizations must have. These skills included technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills (Northouse, 2015). The researcher stated that these skills tend to differ from qualities or traits of leaders as skills describe what leaders can attain while traits describe whoRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Its Importance1517 Words   |  7 Pagesbegan to change from the industrial economy to a knowledge economy era. Economic globalization and improve the level of global competition, organizations have had to make full use of all their resources to ensure its survival and development. As an important resource organization human resource organization also attracted more and more attention. Effective human resource management has become a key organizational development and success. In 1991, the United States, IBM and Tower Perrin consulting firmRead MoreManagement and Page Ref11976 Words   |  48 Pagesinterpersonal skills helps organizations attract and keep high-performing employees. Positive social relationships are associated with lower stress at work and lower turnover. Finally, companies with reputations as good places to work have been found to generate superior financial performance. Expanding a companys consulting needs is not a positive reason to teach organizational behavior. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 Topic: Importance of Interpersonal Skills Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: InterpersonalRead MorePrinciples of Management2084 Words   |  9 PagesChapter 1: 1. Developing employee skills is a challenge in almost any environment. What type of skills needs to be mostly developed for EMAL trainees? * Technical skills. 2. Once those employees progress in their careers and get promoted, what kind of skills would be needed? * Human skills the most and less of technical and conceptual skills. 3. Go to the Emirates Aluminum Website at www.emal.ae. What can you tell about the company’s emphasis on people and their careers

Amendments to the Constitution Essay - 1290 Words

The framers of our Constitution knew that time has a way of changing countries and their citizens. Our country was in a whirlwind of change in 1789 as people were experiencing freedom from the tyranny of England for the first time in their lives. Our country was being molded and formed into a great nation by the founding fathers. Expectations and rules had to be set to protect the rights of the minorities and majorities. Amendments to the Constitution were written to ensure equality for all in changing times. The First Amendment is one of the most recognized rights in the Bill of Rights. It is a basic right that seems to help define each person as an individual yet as part of an association. The amendment states that â€Å"Congress†¦show more content†¦The government can not censor the press, even if what is published is against the government. The free press helps to protect citizens’ rights and hold the government in check. Also in accordance to the First Amendm ent, people have the right to join any organization of their choosing and come together as a group, peaceably. The last right that the public has is the right to present the government with petitions or letters that tell of their unhappiness and complaints against the government. This is a right that our founding fathers did not have back in England. When they declared independence from the King, they laid out all of their grievances for the world to see. In contrast, our citizens today do no have to wait for a historical event to vent their frustrations. The second amendment of the Constitution states -â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† (Constitution, Amendment 2). There is much debate as to whether the Amendment refers to individuals having the right to bear arms or that we are entitled to have an army (militia) that is ready at moments notice to fight for our country. Both interpretations are technically correct as they are present in the Amendment. Every state had a National Guard that is readily available in case of disaster or war. This goes without mentioning our military that are also ready and waiting. Everyone shares in the protectionShow MoreRelatedThe Amendment Of The Constitution959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution is considered by many to be the catchall amendment within the reconstruction amendments that passed not long after the Civil War. Its due process and especially the equal protection clause have single handily changed the course of American History for all eternity. I believe that there are several key issues that plague the way our highest court approaches matters of sexual orientation and other issues as well. In this document I intend to explore whatRead MoreThe Constitution Of The Amendment2425 Words   |  10 Pagesprotecting the 10th amendment, not only by our elected of ficials but by citizens as well, deviates the subtle balance of power in our nation to a detrimental state. The United States of America is just that, united States, that have the power to legislate for their constituents any laws not delegated to the Federal government inside the Constitution. With the overreach of the Federal government using the Commerce Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, enacting the 17th amendment, and using the â€Å"powerRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The Constitution1107 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fourth Amendment of the Constitution was ratified in 1791 and is an important amendment in the Bill of Rights. The Fourth Amendment is â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or thing s to be seized† (Charles Wetterer). The issueRead MoreAmendments of the U.S. Constitution1917 Words   |  8 PagesAmendments of the U.S. Constitution HIS/301 Amendments of the U.S. Constitution The United States Constitution is a beloved document of this country. In this document many powers, liberties, and freedoms are given to the citizens of the United States of America. These citizens were first made up of immigrants or settlers from England who wanted a place to live without fear of death, and freedom of liberties. The people who made up the first colonies of the America’s fought long and hard throughRead MoreThe Second Amendment of the Constitution491 Words   |  2 Pages The Second Amendment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This timeless phrase, the Second Amendment of the United States’ Constitution, is an enduring example of the principles and ideals that our country was founded on. With this statement, the founders of this country explicitly and perpetually guaranteed the American individualRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The Constitution1365 Words   |  6 Pages Homework 1 1. The Fourth Amendment of the U.S Constitution says, â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or afï ¬ rmationRead MoreAmendments to the National Constitution2556 Words   |  10 PagesBackground - In the U.S. legal system, the Constitution forms the basic template for legal theory and management of law. This document formed the bases for the U.S. government and defined the three main sections: Executive, Legislative and Judicial. We must remember, too, that the idea of this constitution of removing ties to a monarchy and setting up a separate government by the people, for the people, was a very radical idea in the 18th century and had a background not only in the various documentsRead MoreThe Fourteenth Amendment Of The Constitution2057 Words   |  9 PagesFourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendm ents are a really big part of the Constitution for slavery and about the equal rights in the United States. The government created the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendment to allow racial equality in the United States by freeing all of the slaves, giving them the right to get citizenship, and the right to vote. I will be talking about each Amendment and how they were formed and also why. The Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution says, â€Å"Section 1. NeitherRead MoreThe 18th Amendment of the Constitution1875 Words   |  8 PagesThe 18th amendment of the constitution Prohibition was introduced to all American states apart from Maryland in 1920. Prohibition was the banning of alcohol; you could be arrested for sale, manufacture and transportation of alcohol. There were many factors that influenced the introduction of prohibition. One of the main factors was the temperance movement’s two examples of this Were the anti-saloon league and Women’s Christian temperance movement. The temperance movements were at the strongestRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment Of The Constitution1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe sixth amendment of the constitution guarantees a criminal defendant trial by an impartial jury of their peers. Jury selection is a little more complex than sending out jury duty notices and going to trial, it has its own process to ensure all is fair. The Jury is a pertinent part of the judicial process and a key piece to upholding justice. Juries are selected from the general population; they are to be a representation of the people from that area. In trials with a jury, the first step is the

The Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield Park - 1136 Words

The Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield Park For any character there are three main ways of learning about them. Firstly, how the character themselves thinks and behaves. Secondly, how other characters respond to the character. Lastly, how the author discusses the character is very revealing. Each of these views of Mrs. Norris is provided by the author. Mrs Norris is only related to Mansfield Park through her sister, Lady Bertram. While she may not have managed to make the affluent marriage that her sister did, there is no doubting her love of money. Sir Thomas Bertram provides an income for Mrs Norris husband, a member of the clergy. This enables them to live in comfort and in close proximity to the house at Mansfield†¦show more content†¦Yet, once she sees a way of making herself seem charitable and generous, Mrs Norris is keen to establish contact with Mrs Price once more. Her wish to be involved in every aspect of her familyà ­s life conflicts with her standing on her sisters marriage to a Lieutenant of the Marines, but this does not seem to bother her. The language that Mrs Norris uses is very persuasive and there are few ways of overriding what she says. Even those who are close to her are shown not to expend much effort arguing with her. In her attempts to persuade Sir Thomas to take Fanny Price, she declares: [I] would rather deny myself the necessaries of life, than do an ungenerous thing. She is indifferent to others protests and has an answer to everything. Mrs Norris is presented as the sort of person who believes herself to be liked by all, but is actually hated by most. Mrs Norris has no qualms about favouring her niece, Maria, and also no worries about stirring relations between all three of her nieces at Mansfield Park. Rather than admonishing her nieces prejudices against their less fortunate cousin, she explains that Fanny is to be pitied and once more wastes no time in praising her nieces accomplishments: You must not expect everybody to be as forward and quick at learning as yourself. The superficiality of the praise perpetually being given to theShow MoreRelatedMansfield Park Marriage Analysis1556 Words   |  7 Pages Marriage as a Dubious Goal in Mansfield Park Jane Austen’s 1814 novel Mansfield Park begins and ends with the topic of marriage. In this regard it seems to fit into the genre of the courtship novel, a form popular in the eighteenth century in which the plot is driven by the heroine’s difficulties in attracting an offer from the proper suitor. According to Katherine Sobba Green, the courtship novel â€Å"detailed a young woman’s entrance into society, the problems arising from that situation, her courtshipRead MoreBritish Social Class in Mansfield Park by Jane Austen1742 Words   |  7 PagesMansfield Park is a complete socially oriented novel. In this novel Jane Austen closely describe the everyday life of rural middle class society, its gaieties and hardships, describing a distinct system of moral and social principles influencing people’s lives in that period, women status in the system and female life expectations. In the novel Austen shows the efforts of some trying to break the predetermined limitations in order to improve their social class and rank. Austen pointed out the socialRead MoreJane Austen s Influence On Society3452 Words   |  14 Pagescritics have analyzed the characters in her novels as being comparable to people Austen actually knew in her lifetime. Moreover, critics say that Austen transcribed her own self through most of her main heroines, whether it was how she actually acted, or what she desired to be like in real life. However, not many critics have touched on the importance of the aunt-figure that is present throughout Austen’s novels. Most aunts throughout her novels, although not major characters, prove to be some of theRead MoreJane Austen s Mansfield Park1008 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Novel, Mansfield Park, published in 1814, has caught the eyes of many readers after being published. It had many different themes that depict different aspects of a society. The focal point of this novel is on a character named Fanny Price, who is conflicted from two different societies. At the beginning of the story, Fanny heads off to live with the Bertrams family. As she is living with the Bertrams, she encounters another family who has different perspectives on life and moralsRead MoreEssay about The Search for a Home in Jane Austens Mansfield Park2072 Words   |  9 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jane Austens Mansfield Park is a novel obsessed with home and family.   It begins a story of one family, three sisters, and quickly expands to a story of three families, the Bertrams, the Prices, and the Norrises.   Family upon family is added, each one growing, expanding, and moving until the novel is crowded with characters and estates.   An obsession with movement creates an overall feeling of displacement and confusion.   Fanny Price is moved from PortsmouthRead MoreFanny in Jane Austens Mansfield Park Essay2191 Words   |  9 Pagesamp;#8216;MANSFIELD PARKamp;#8217; Mansfield Park has sometimes been considered as atypical of Jane Austen as being solemn and moralistic. Poor Fanny Price is brought up at Mansfield Park with her uncle and aunt. Where only her cousin Edmund helps her with the difficulties she suffers from the rest of the family, and from her own fearfulness and timidity. When the sophisticated Crawfords (Henry and Mary) visit the Mansfield neighbourhood, the moral sense of each marriageable member of the Mansfield familyRead MoreFanny Price: the Heroine of Mansfield Park Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pagesof Mansfield Park Jane Austins Mansfield Park is not widely accepted by critics. The novels criticism is due to the heroine, Fanny Price. Since Fanny does not encompass the conventional characteristics of a heroine (charm, wit, and beauty), critics hold the opinion that she is passive, week, and boring. Ironically, Austins goal was to demonstrate that superficial charm and wit are nice, but there are more important characteristics such as discipline, morality, and depth of character (MooreRead MoreVenturing into the Writing of Jane Austen1114 Words   |  4 Pagesabout marriage, and went more into her life and the way she chose to live it. After learning how she lived and about her life I Watched the BBC version of Mansfield Park, just to get a hold of what Mansfield Park really is. After the movie was done I had a discussion about it comparing to the PBS version of Mansfield Park. Then Compared Mansfield Park to Persuasion followed by Sense and Sensibility, all of which have an important source of silence which leads to Feminine power. 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Cerebral Palsy With Respect to Heart-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a review on Cerebral Palsy with respect to Heart. Answer: Introduction: Literature review is an essential part in research process. The main objective of reviewing this topic on cerebral palsy in children is to find out reflect the previous work that has been done with respect to the problem and to find out the strategic interventions. The information from the review will further give clues to conduct future studies. The various disorders responsible for the impairment of motor functioning in the children, Cerebral Palsy (CP) plays a vital role, a common reason behind the physical disability in children throughout the world affecting more than 2.5 children per 1000 births in United States (Pakula, Braun Yeargin-Allsopp, 2009). An estimation of 8000 infants with addition of approximately 1,500 children of pre-school age is clinically diagnosed with CP each year (Islam et al., 2015). Etiology: The term cerebral palsy refers to disorientation in body movement. The disorder relates to posture deformities due to lesion formed in immature brain (Tugui Antonescu, 2013). The modified definition of cerebral palsy showed the involvement various syndromes such as the motor impairment and abnormalities in the brain during the early development period (Fazzi et al., 2012). Later, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Heath (ICF) gave the revised definition of the cerebral palsy disorder by incorporating the concepts developed by the committee proposing that Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term in which the activities are restrained permanently during body movement and maintaining posture, attributing to hindrance in the developing infant brain. The disorders of the motor system comprise disturbed sensation, abnormal perception and problem in cognitive and communicative behavior with problems in secondary musculoskeletal (Rinehart et al., 2013). Categorization of Cerebral palsy: Cerebral palsy is categorized based on the motor impairment prognosis in the developing children. This clinical disorder is a complex group of syndromes manifested at various levels (Fazzi et al., 2012). Importance of categorization into groups is vital in understanding the problem status and its prognosis. Based on the nature of the syndrome the upcoming status can be predicted and therefore the individual variations can be evaluated at various point of time. Understanding all the features of cerebral palsy can help to identify the incidental time and properties and thereby providing education to the family members regarding the prognosis by providing relevant services (Barua, Kaushik Gulati, 2017). The classification of the disorder is based on topographical distribution, severity level and the kind of disorder related to mobility. The terms linked with CP are hemiplegia, diplegia and quadriplegia. Monoplegia and triplegia are also known (Boyd et al., 2013). Diplegia with muscle s pasm is related to problems in the gross motor functioning specially in the lower part of limbs (Dreher et al., 2012). The mobility impairment in all limbs including the trunk portion and disrupted speech with language defect refers to spastic quadriplegia. The hemiplegic affects one side of the body (Moreno-De-Luca, Ledbetter Martin, 2012). The most prevalent disorder with respect to movement is the spastic cerebral palsy characterized by disrupted voluntary movement with exaggerated reflex action accounting 85 % of the individual with CP (Beyaert, Vasa Frykberg, 2015). There is little evidence regarding the classification of CP based on severity, thus in order to understand the management of CP, additional features should be considered in future studies. Influence on heart rate due to motor impairment: Children suffering with CP recorded autonomic dysfunction linked with altered heart rate including other deficits such as impairment of muscle strength, change in the movement velocity, and increased demand of energy in motor activities with abnormal cardiovascular capacity (Toledo, 2012). The regulation of the heart rate depends on the differentiated sympathetic and the parasympathetic pathways of the efferent nervous system that determines the beats oscillations (Olufsen Ottesen, 2013). Children with CP shows disoriented sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways that arise due to lesion formation in the brain affecting the autonomic modulation (Santos et al., 2017). The pathological reasons behind fast heart rates can be evaluated by studying the varied heart rate in standing and with face upwards termed supine postures. Experimental study: The studies conducted on the children with CP and the normal children taken as control with normal development of motor system of same age, showed elevated heart rate both in resting condition and also while performing exercises in case of children with CP in their daily life activities (Robert et al., 2013). The increased heart rate was due to elevated motor impairment and the children with CP were classified in different levels based on Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) (Grecco et al., 2013). The individuals who lacked mobility was classified as level IV and V whereas the ones who walked without any assistance was level I and III (Kenyon et al., 2017). Thus to understand the effect on heart functionality, it is essential to understand the modulation of the autonomic nervous system by comparing between the children with palsy and the one with normal motor function. In an experiment conducted on children with spastic CP with both male and female individual aged 93 ye ars with 12 children having 5 females and 7 males were classified with restricted functions according to GMFCS. The control group which was taken aged 82 years with 16 children having 11 female and 5 males. The children with restrained understanding and under medications were not included in the study (Miller et al., 2012). Results: All the readings of the varied heart rate and the intervals of R-R were recorded both in supine and in standing position, in which spontaneous breathing recorded 10-20 heart rates (Schfer Vagedes, 2013). Each posture was maintained for 15 minutes without any movement and speech. The statistical results showed no significant difference in the values of age and gender both in the experimental and the control group. The R-R intervals analysis in supine position showed high HFnu (High Frequency normalized units) and low LFnu (Low Frequency normalized units) in the control group with respect to experimental group having no significant variation in the intergroup. The data in the standing position showed low HFnu and increased LFnu values in the control group with lowered heart rate in standing posture with respect to supine position (Khodor et al., 2014). The results of the experimental group showed same results as the control group. The assessment showed that individuals didnt show any gender discrepancies thereby maintaining homogeneity. The variation of the heart rate is dependent on age, as the parasympathetic and the mediated sympathetic system alter with the development resulting in greater heart rate variability (Stein Pu, 2012).The experimental group in supine posture showed greater dominance of the autonomic sympathetic in the heart rate with respect to the control. This information reflected that the children with CP have elevated energy expenditure due to altered muscular tone and involuntary mobilities. Another point that was observed, the control showed adjusted modulated heart rate during changing from supine to standing posture. This adjustment was absent in the experimental group. This could be related to the findings that apart from the lesions in cerebral of the CP children depriving the hemispherical influences to modulate the autonomic mechanism, there is a consequent decrease in autonomic cardiac regulation (Daulatzai, 2012). Studying the corr elation between GMFCS and different frequency unit values gives a positive finding that in standing posture, higher the rate of impairment in motor system, lower the varied heart rate. Thus the children with limited functions show less mobility with increased energy expenses and decreased cardiopulmonary resistance (Brunton Rice, 2012). The CP children showed lowered parasympathetic deliverables in adjusting the heart rate. Exercise test in children with Cerebral Palsy: The children with CP have restrained fitness in daily activities. The levels of fitness are studied through exercise tests. The exercise tests play a primary role in measuring the physical fitness of CP children (Maltais et al., 2014). The tests are integrated into three fitness categories. The test for measuring the aerobic capacity, termed as the sub maximal exercise tests not considering the maximum effort of the concerned individual with minimal exercise, avoiding any fatigue state. Another test is to record the maximum amount of oxygen consumed per unit time from start to exhaustion stage, the third one is the measurement of the anaerobic potential pathways. The tests performed on the individuals with CP, can offer significant results to see whether improving or declining. As there is no such evidence to particularize the tests based on the CP types, a developed set of exercise based measurements can aid the therapists to upgrade better understandings in conducting particular te st on the basis of requirement. Based on this, Delphi tests can be implemented which surveys the individual giving their feedback to bring out the consensus (Dalen et al., 2013). Minute Walking Test (MWT): Among the various exercise tests, the walking test is relevant as it is simple to conduct, less expensive, and safe to perform on children with CP (Pathare, Haskvitz Selleck, 2012). Six minute walk is one of the exercise tests which have been found to be productive to assess the walking ability in the children with CP facing problem in mobility. The twelve minute walk test was modified to examine the problems in the respiratory disorders to determine the maximum oxygen requirement. These tests were later altered to 6 minutes or 2 minutes which were of equal importance and consumes less time. Among the 2 minutes, 12 minutes, 6 minute walk tests, 6MWT was found to be more useful and relevant in measuring the exercising capacity of the children with CP having respiratory and chronic heart disease (Singh et al., 2014). The 6MWT can analyze the fitness level of the cardio respiratory system both in the children with CP and the controlled healthy children. Evaluation of Minute Walk Test: In order to evaluate the assessment of the 6MWT on the children with CP, an experiment on children with level I and II according to GMFCS aged between 10 and 16 years divided into two groups was conducted (Grecco et al., 2013). In one group there were twenty children showing hemiplegic syndrome and the other group comprises 4 children with diplegic nature. The division of groups was made on age, gender, height, body mass and CP type. At the initial stage the gas exchange test was conducted on them using the 6WMT which was again performed on one group after a week to record the reproducibility. And the second group finished the walking program in 8 weeks (Shoemaker et al., 2013). The walking program consists of 3 times walking of 40 minutes per week which was continued for 8 weeks, the intensity of the oxygen uptake peak being 50% (VO2 peak) recorded in the 6WMT trails. In performing the 6MWT the children were provided with a gas analyzer before starting the test. The test is designed according to standard recommendations in which 2 lines were set with a gap of 20m (Abun et al., 2015). The children were said to walk depending on capacity for 6 minutes without any external support. The data were recorded at the resting stage, during performing the 6MWT and at the end followed by a recovery period of 5 minutes. Discussion: The data obtained from the gas exchange test in 6MWT can be considered as a method in evaluating the exercise test in rehabilitation program. The importance of the study gives the movement capabilities of the CP children among the level I, II, III and IV (classified by GMFCS) (Grecco et al., 2013). Results showed that the children with level III CP walked 223m less than the children taken as control in 6 minutes walk test in average (Kamp et al., 2014). Same was found in children with CP level I, II and IV walked less than the control children. These results confirm the fact that CP can be one of the reasons that affects the movement ability even in the child with lowest motor CP dysfunction (Cantin, Ryan Polatajko, 2014). Some of the barriers in performing the 6MWT included the levels of motivating the children in experiment and variation in interpreting the commands so to modify this use of rubber bands or wheels were used as incentive providing the participant an urge to complete the test (Dawson et al., 2013). One of the statistical studies showed that age was the only factor that imposed significant impact on the 6MWT values but still the prediction value was too low (Casillas et al., 2015). Evaluation of result, correlated with previous studies showed non consistent trend in the results. The age influence on the variation of the 6MWT values agreed with studies carried out by Hugo-Hamman (2017) conducted on children with ages between 4-16 years. Another significance of 6MWT provides a better patients index defining the performance on daily basis. Limitations: The limitations in conducting the 6MWT had no such assessment to understand the intellectual ability. This led to the defects with children having CP suffering from cognitive abnormalities and experience minimal understanding of commands given to them. Future prospects: All the studies conducted by 6MWT on the children with CP at different levels should significant differences with the controlled children. Age being one of the factors in determining the levels of CP requires further research to explore more findings (McIntyre et al., 2013). More research work in assessing the heart rate to investigate the amount of energy expenditure should be done (Reiner et al., 2013). Physiological monitoring can help to understand that whether elevated 6MWT is directly proportional to higher activities performed daily by children with CP. References: Abun, V., Jimnez, C., Palacios, A., Rodrguez, I. (2015). Physiology Meeting.Pediatric Exercise Science,27, 1-104. Barua, M., Kaushik, J. S., Gulati, S. (2017). Legal provisions, educational services and health care across the lifespan for autism spectrum disorders in India.The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 1-7. Beyaert, C., Vasa, R., Frykberg, G. E. (2015). Gait post-stroke: Pathophysiology and rehabilitation strategies.Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology,45(4), 335-355. Boyd, R. N., Jordan, R., Pareezer, L., Moodie, A., Finn, C., Luther, B., ... Weir, K. (2013). Australian Cerebral Palsy Child Study: protocol of a prospective population based study of motor and brain development of preschool aged children with cerebral palsy.BMC neurology,13(1), 57. Brunton, L. K., Rice, C. L. (2012). Fatigue in cerebral palsy: a critical review.Developmental neurorehabilitation,15(1), 54-62. Cantin, N., Ryan, J., Polatajko, H. J. (2014). Impact of task difficulty and motor ability on visual-motor task performance of children with and without developmental coordination disorder.Human movement science,34, 217-232. Casillas, J. M., Joussain, C., Gremeaux, V., Hannequin, A., Rapin, A., Laurent, Y., Benam, C. (2015). A study of the 200-metre fast walk test as a possible new assessment tool to predict maximal heart rate and define target heart rate for exercise training of coronary heart disease patients.Clinical rehabilitation,29(2), 175-183. Dalen, H. E., Nyquist, A., Saebu, M., Roe, C., Bautz-Holter, E. (2013). Implementation of ICF in goal setting in rehabilitation of children with chronic disabilities at Beitostolen Healthsports Centre.Disability and rehabilitation,35(3), 198-205. Daulatzai, M. A. (2012). Quintessential risk factors: their role in promoting cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimers disease.Neurochemical research,37(12), 2627-2658. Dawson, A., Knox, J., McClure, A., Foley, N., Teasell, R. (2013). Stroke rehabilitation.Canadian best practice recommendations for stroke care. Heart and Stroke Foundation and the Canadian Stroke Network, Ottawa, Ontario Canada. Dreher, T., Vegvari, D., Wolf, S. I., Geisbsch, A., Gantz, S., Wenz, W., Braatz, F. (2012). Development of knee function after hamstring lengthening as a part of multilevel surgery in children with spastic diplegia: a long-term outcome study.JBJS,94(2), 121-130. Fazzi, E., Signorini, S. G., La Piana, R., Bertone, C., Misefari, W., Galli, J., ... Bianchi, P. E. (2012). Neuro?ophthalmological disorders in cerebral palsy: ophthalmological, oculomotor, and visual aspects.Developmental Medicine Child Neurology,54(8), 730-736. Grecco, L. A. C., Zanon, N., Sampaio, L. M. M., Oliveira, C. S. (2013). A comparison of treadmill training and overground walking in ambulant children with cerebral palsy: randomized controlled clinical trial.Clinical rehabilitation,27(8), 686-696. Hugo-Hamman, C. (2017). Track 4: Adults with congenital heart disease, and the prevention of acquired heart disease starting in childhood.SA Heart Journal,10(1), 163-191. Islam, J. Y., Keller, R. L., Aschner, J. L., Hartert, T. V., Moore, P. E. (2015). Understanding the short-and long-term respiratory outcomes of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,192(2), 134-156. Kamp, F. A., Lennon, N., Holmes, L., Dallmeijer, A. J., Henley, J., Miller, F. (2014). Energy cost of walking in children with spastic cerebral palsy: relationship with age, body composition and mobility capacity.Gait posture,40(1), 209-214. Kenyon, L. K., Westman, M., Hefferan, A., McCrary, P., Baker, B. J. (2017). A home-based body weight supported treadmill training program for children with cerebral palsy: A case series.Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 1-10. Khodor, N., Matelot, D., Carrault, G., Amoud, H., Khalil, M., Ville, N., ... Hernandez, A. (2014). Kernel based support vector machine for the early detection of syncope during head-up tilt test.Physiological measurement,35(10), 2119. Maltais, D. B., Wiart, L., Fowler, E., Verschuren, O., Damiano, D. L. (2014). Health-related physical fitness for children with cerebral palsy.Journal of child neurology,29(8), 1091-1100. McIntyre, S., Taitz, D., Keogh, J., Goldsmith, S., Badawi, N., Blair, E. V. E. (2013). A systematic review of risk factors for cerebral palsy in children born at term in developed countries.Developmental Medicine Child Neurology,55(6), 499-508. Miller, V. A., Schreck, K. A., Mulick, J. A., Butter, E. (2012). Factors related to parents choices of treatments for their children with autism spectrum disorders.Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,6(1), 87-95. Moreno-De-Luca, A., Ledbetter, D. H., Martin, C. L. (2012). Genetic insights into the causes and classification of the cerebral palsies.The lancet neurology,11(3), 283-292. Olufsen, M. S., Ottesen, J. T. (2013). A practical approach to parameter estimation applied to model predicting heart rate regulation.Journal of mathematical biology,67(1), 39-68. Pakula, A. T., Braun, K. V. N., Yeargin-Allsopp, M. (2009). Cerebral palsy: classification and epidemiology.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America,20(3), 425-452. Pathare, N., Haskvitz, E. M., Selleck, M. (2012). 6-Minute Walk Test performance in young children who are normal weight and overweight.Cardiopulmonary physical therapy journal,23(4), 12. Reiner, M., Niermann, C., Jekauc, D., Woll, A. (2013). Long-term health benefits of physical activitya systematic review of longitudinal studies.BMC public health,13(1), 813. Rinehart, N., McDonald, R., Stanley-Cary, C., McGinley, I. L. (2013). Rehabilitation of developmental disorders and motor dysfunction.Rehabilitation in Movement Disorders, 217. Robert, M., Ballaz, L., Hart, R., Lemay, M. (2013). Exercise intensity levels in children with cerebral palsy while playing with an active video game console.Physical therapy,93(8), 1084-1091. Santos, C. Y., Snyder, P. J., Wu, W. C., Zhang, M., Echeverria, A., Alber, J. (2017). Pathophysiologic relationship between Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular risk: A review and synthesis.Alzheimer's Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment Disease Monitoring. Schfer, A., Vagedes, J. (2013). How accurate is pulse rate variability as an estimate of heart rate variability?: A review on studies comparing photoplethysmographic technology with an electrocardiogram.International journal of cardiology,166(1), 15-29. Shoemaker, M. J., Curtis, A. B., Vangsnes, E., Dickinson, M. G. (2013). Clinically meaningful change estimates for the six-minute walk test and daily activity in individuals with chronic heart failure.Cardiopulmonary physical therapy journal,24(3), 21. Singh, S. J., Puhan, M. A., Andrianopoulos, V., Hernandes, N. A., Mitchell, K. E., Hill, C. J., ... Carlin, B. W. (2014). An official systematic review of the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society: measurement properties of field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease.European Respiratory Journal,44(6), 1447-1478. Stein, P. K., Pu, Y. (2012). Heart rate variability, sleep and sleep disorders.Sleep medicine reviews,16(1), 47-66. Toledo, E., Lebel, A., Becerra, L., Minster, A., Linnman, C., Maleki, N., ... Borsook, D. (2012). The young brain and concussion: imaging as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,36(6), 1510-1531. Tugui, R. D., Antonescu, D. (2013). Cerebral palsy gait, clinical importance.Maedica,8(4), 388

International Security, Its Components and Importance

Security is a form of protection against danger, damage, loss and crime, rendering one to be at peace all the time. Security is a basic want. International security on the other hand refers to the measures that are under taken by international bodies or organizations like United Nation to enhance and ensure safety of people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Security, Its Components and Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The measures that are taken to ensure safety and security are: military actions and also the signing of treaties after an agreement. The aim of international security is to carry out an extensive search into a situation, identify the problem, carry an analysis to the cause of the problem and eventually, provide a solution that works right for the problem (Miller 1). International Security entirely comprises of human security and safety. Human security is the most important or the fundamental component of international security. Human survival, human dignity and safety are entirely dependent on the right to feel secure. Human security is viewed as the preservation of human rights, that is, not violating human rights and prevention of violence to the people. International security should rightly concentrate on human development and not the buying of arms in anticipation of security threats (Art Waltz 34). In an instance like the Iraq violence, the Iraq government carried out all diplomatic ways in the effort to reach a peaceful solution of the crisis and all their efforts were unsuccessful. This lead to the authorization of United Nation members to undertake all the necessary steps in order to restore and uphold peace and also restore international security and peace in that area. All these efforts by the Security Council, to allow U.N undertake peace resolution was in order to effectively enhance human security (Clemens 15). Another fundamental component of International Security is economic security and political security. When a country, state or region in the world is faced with conflict or crisis the International security seeks to restore the security of the economy. This is because in an instance crisis, a country is likely to face unemployment, level of poverty rise, there is lack of income due to hunger of its citizens and lack of basic health. Crisis cause disease invasion and unhealthy lifestyles of the people. Politically, it is evident that crisis lead to political repression, torture of the citizens, detentions, imprisonments and violation of human rights. International security seeks to determine the root causes of wars and prevent the wars in order to enhance political security (Cohen 3).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More International security identifies ethnic conflict and peacekeeping, post cold war secu rity problems, regional security, nuclear forces and strategies, arms control and weapons proliferation diplomatic and military history. It should guarantee countries that they are living in a society that honors basic human rights and personal peace that ranges from peace from state torture, war from other states, crime from individuals and gangs and also workplace or traffic accidents. International Security is not only focused on studing threats, but also a study of which threats that can be tolerated and which require immediate action. It is not about power but peace keeping since involving peace in two parties that still wish to engage in conflict, requires so much commitment (Clemens 22). International security is very important since it helps to resolve internal conflicts and halt local violence hence safeguarding human rights from violation. Works Cited Art, Robert and Waltz, Kenneth. The use of force – Military Power and International  Politics. New York: Universit y Press of America, 2004 Clemens, Walter. Dynamics of international relations: conflict and mutual gain. San Diego University: Allworth Press, 1998. 13-24. Print. Miller, Steven. International Security. New York: Harvard University Press, 2001. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Security, Its Components and Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on International Security, Its Components and Importance was written and submitted by user Jaidyn Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Health Effects of PBDE Absorption

Health Effects of PBDE Absorption Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) is a common flame retardant used to reduce the risk of fire in a wide variety of products, such as childrens pajamas and your computer. PBDEs are excellent flame retardants, but the chemicals have been accumulating in the environment and in human bodies. Relatively recent reports have indicated that exposure to low concentrations of these chemicals may result in irreparable damage to the nervous and reproductive systems. The European Union will ban two of the three most common PBDE formulations starting in 2004. California is the only U.S. state to take action, passing a law to ban certain PBDEs, but not until 2008. Several Japanese electronics companies will be phasing PBDEs from their products. Other countries and individual manufacturers are taking steps to eliminate their use of PBDEs. PBDE concentrations are 10-20 times higher in North Americans than in Europeans. European concentrations are about twice those of Japanese levels. Calculations performed by Ronald Hites of Indiana University show that body concentrations have been exponentially increasing, with a doubling time of 4 to 5 years. PBDE-containing products are being phased out, but the chemicals remain a health concern because they are so persistent in the body and in the environment.

War on Global Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

War on Global Terrorism - Research Paper Example One glance at him I knew I wanted to be â€Å"that guy†. Eddie was a hothead so I figured if he could make it and summon this inner change within himself so could I. Shortly after that day I mustered up the inner courage and went and talked to the Marine Recruiter and signed up. Two weeks after I walked across the stage of my high school graduation I was stepping off the bus in Parris Island, SC ready to embark on my journey to being a Marine. From entering boot camp a young know-it-all and emerging a hardened warrior forged by blood, sweat and tears. I came to realize that as a United States Marine I was on the frontlines of the war on terror. It became my duty to give my life to the people of this nation so they could live their lives and enjoy their days in freedom and peace. Yet serving one’s country is not just a decision that is right for me; rather, serving our country should be vitally important to every citizen. The war on terror knows no bounds and is being fought each and every day on our soil as well as abroad. The struggle between radical Islamic sectarian beliefs and the principles of free societies have been on a collision course for quite some time now. Due to the fact that so many fanatics believe so strongly that their narrow-minded interpretation of religion is the â€Å"true† and â€Å"right† way, a glut of active and willing volunteers from many of the most poverty-stricken regions of the planet has come to exist. Many nations that are controlled by radical elements of fundamentalist Islam practice cultural and ideological hegemony in these countries; thereby having a low tolerance towards different religions or views being practised of promoted. In order to gain further control, many of these radical fundamentalists have splintered off and chose to use terrorism to achieve their ideological goals. Many American have always taken the concepts introduced by the Declaration of Independence,  the Constitution, or the Bill of Rights for granted; believing that â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.†Ã‚  

The main reason cause global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The main reason cause global warming - Essay Example This is normally done in order to protect the public from involuntary smoking because public smoking often exposes them to the effects of second-hand smoking which includes increased risk of emphysema, cancer, heart diseases and other illnesses. The regulation of smoking is important to the economy because public smoking presents a lot of dangers to the third parties. Individuals can still smoke at their own pleasure but not publicly because we also have children to protect. If children grow in an environment where smoking is the order of the day, then they are very likely to end up smoking because of the poor example shown to them by the adults. The United Sates government has always discouraged people from smoking through heavy taxation and limitless adverts that teach the public on the dangers of smoking. Several other countries like South Africa, Italy and New Zealand also practice the same and have restricted the areas where people can smoke. These bans apply mostly to enclosed areas like bars, shops, offices, restaurants, trains and theatres. Banning smoking in public places has different effects on the economy as a whole but the net effect is positive. Scientists agree that smoking is dangerous to the health of the smoker and those around him. Smoking tobacco can cause strokes, cancer and other heart diseases. The problem is that these effects are not limited to the smokers because the people close to them also inhale this smoke involuntarily. These people are exposed to these dangers but they have no choice since they are just forced into it. This calls for the government to come in and protect them through legislations like banning smoking in public places. These bans also discourage people from smoking because they can only do so privately in certain selected areas. Through the reduction in smoking hours, their smoking rates are often reduced

The Role of Alfred von Tirpitz in the Anglo- German Naval Race Essay Example for Free

The Role of Alfred von Tirpitz in the Anglo- German Naval Race Essay What role did Alfred von Tirpitz play in the Anglo-German naval race of World War I, 1890-1914? For almost a century historians have been arguing over the causes of the First World War. One of the factors regularly discussed is the Anglo-German naval race, which involved the competing construction of the British and German navies between 1897 and 1914. Much of the blame for the consequential building of navies has fallen on the shoulders of the German state secretary of the navy office, Alfred von Tirpitz. The purpose of this internal assessment is to find out what roll Tirpitz played in the Anglo-German naval race. I will research my investigation with some of the many books published about the origins of World War I, including some of Tirpitzs speeches, letters, and propaganda as well as other key figures of the naval race. The investigation will cover how Tirpitz financed the naval construction, his building strategy, and finally Tirpitzs naval laws. B Summary of evidence How Tirpitz financed the naval construction Tirpitzs entire building strategy relied heavily on his belief that he could build his great fleet without raising taxes or putting any burden on the budget.2 He planned to achieve this with an intensive propaganda campaign, supported by industry and many middle class people. Tirpitz, being an adroit politician and manipulator of men, successfully promoted the navy and created effective pressure groups, like the Flottenverein, whose views had to be taken seriously by the government.3 After a lengthy depression, German industry was looking for large investments that were continuous and predictable. To accomplish this, Tirpitz tried to establish constant yearly shipbuilding rates in order to keep factories operating at capacity. He could then argue in the Reichstag that German industry would suffer a crisis unless it got new ship orders.4 However, it was the Kaisers support that gave Tirpitz the freedom to spend a large portion of the budget on the navy.5 Tirpitzs naval building strategy Tirpitz insisted that he be able to implement a plan of steady expansion, where ships were to be built and maintained regardless of cost.6 His plan had three major components: risk theory, alliance value, and danger zone. Risk theory was the idea that the German navy would be strong enough that if Britain risked battle, Tirpitz believed, the defeat of a strong German fleet would so substantially weaken the enemy that, in spite of a victory he might have obtained, his own position in the world would no longer be secured by an adequate fleet.7 Thus, Britain would be willing to make diplomatic concessions rather than take the risk of a naval conflict. Therefore, Germany only had to build a navy in proportion to England, of about 2:3, or 5:8.8 Danger zone was the period of time when the German fleet was not yet strong enough to deter the British fleet, and might be destroyed in a preventative blow. This led Tirpitz to advise cautious diplomacy towards Britain until the fleet was ready.9 Finally, Alliance value was the notion that a strong fleet would make Germany an attractive ally for other rivals of Britain, and maybe even for the British themselves.10 Therefore, Tirpitz believed that the constant building of the navy was an important asset if Germany wanted to become a threat to Britain, and consequentially gain allies. Tirpitzs naval laws Tirpitz believed that only by building the navy by law would ensure continuous and consistent fleet building.11 In 1898 the first naval law was created, calling for the construction of nineteen battleships, eight armored cruisers, and twelve large and 30 small cruisers, all to be built within six years. Tirpitz took advantage of international situations, such as the impact of the Spanish-American War, sentiment against Britain for an incident during the Boer War, and the Boxer Rebellion in China, and introduced the second naval law in 1900. The law doubled the size of the projected navy to a total of, 38 battleships, 20 armored cruisers, and 38 light cruisers, all to be built within 20 years. This was a direct challenge to the British home fleet that had approximately 32 battleships.12 It also threatened Britain because since 1889 the British navy had been governed by a two-power standard, by which their navy had to be stronger than the combined fleets of the next two naval powers.13 The second naval law also threatened Britain because it did not set a cost limit, therefore Germany needed no new legislation to build dreadnoughts.14 Tirpitz again used international crises, like the Moroccan crisis and Britains stern response to Germany at Agadir, to pass supplementary German naval laws in 1906, 1908, and 1912.15 C Evaluation of sources Two of the sources used were: Ferguson, Niall. The Pity of War. New York: Basic Books, 1999. The English historian, Niall Ferguson, wrote this book in 1999, acquiring most of his knowledge from primary sources and other historians books. The purpose of the book is to inform readers of Fergusons argument, that the Great War was solely Englands fault, but at the same time, the book is meant to be controversial, and to sell copies. This is one of the main limitations of the book, that the author may have misconstrued some of the details in order to make England look guiltier, and thus sell more copies. In general the book is valuable because it is a secondary source written long after the actual events, so he was able to form an opinion after looking at all different types of information and viewpoints. On the other hand, it is limiting because it is not a primary source; he did not write the book during the event, therefore some of the information could be misconstrued. Terraine, John, ed. The Great War, 1914-1918. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1965. This book, written by John Terraine in 1965, gives an overview of the events leading up to and during World War One. The author argues, in the introduction, that it was the German militarism that made the war inevitable. The book is very valuable because instead of the author writing his opinion on the events, he informs readers using primary sources throughout the entire book to tell the story. This is valuable because it displays the events when they happened. On the other hand it is limited because it does not have the benefit of using historiography, and the documents could be misrepresentative. There are many photographs used that are also valuable because they capture moments in history in vivid detail, simulating a first-hand experience. However, they could be limiting because certain details could be excluded, which would affect the view of the event. D Analysis Importance of investigation in its historical context The Anglo-German naval race was a significant event that ruined any possible relationship between the two nations before the start of World War I. Although many historians, for instance Ferguson or Fay, do not attribute the naval race to causing the Great War, it is a consensus among historians that by Germany building up their navy and destroying any relationship with Britain, they were simply pushing England into an alliance with France.16 The Entente Cordial simply meant that if Germany was trying to start a war in order to gain more colonies, they had dragged another enemy into the war to fight with. The naval race also caused extreme financial difficulties for both nations, but more specifically, if Germany had given most of its naval funds to its army, it would have had a much greater chance of achieving a land victory in France.17 Analysis of the Evidence Tirpitzs acquired his fleet by using intense propaganda, and played off of international crises to acquire more money in order to implement naval laws. He had soon built a fleet that was in direct competition with Britain; however it was never clear what his objectives with the fleet were. Different historians have interpreted the intention of this fleet differently. Ferguson and Fay both argue that the fleet was intended to compete with the British navy in order to have the power over Britain to demand colonies.18 However, Scheck more so argues that the fleet was being built in order to attract any of Britains enemies as allies or even Britain as an ally. 19 It is obvious that with both opinions the navy was directed at Britain. This proves that Tirpitz was the aggressor in the Anglo-German naval race, and that he was building the navy to discourage Britain from any direct conflict, and thus would have a stronger voice that could make demands. In addition, the naval construction would attract allies, and be able to support Germany in the coming war. However, Tirpitzs plan may have contributed to various British proposals for limiting the navy, it did not intimidate them or cause them no make concessions. On the contrary, it created the atmosphere of suspicion and antagonism that would lead to a naval race.20 It is obvious that Germany was the aggressor in the naval race; however, many historians have debated over what event it was that triggered the Anglo-German naval race. Herrmann argues that it was Germanys persistent defiance of Britain over a period of time that set-off the naval race, but it was not one particular event.21 However Tucker argues that it was specifically Tirpitzs second naval law that initiated the naval race.22 The latter is a very valid point, since it was this law that put Tirpitzs fleet in direct competition with Britain. Beforehand, the British new that the Germans were beginning to put a navy together, but it did not concern them. Immediately after the passage of the law, the British began to feel pressure from Tirpitz, and responded by building their navy as well. Without Tirpitzs second naval bill, Britain would not have felt threatened, and therefore would have had no reason to enter a naval race. Tirpitz undeniably was a key player in the naval race. He pushed the propaganda, founded the Navy League, designed the naval construction strategy, drafted the naval laws, and most important, would not slow down the building process. However, historians have disputed how large a role Tirpitz played. Scheck and Tucker have put complete blame on Tirpitz, saying that he was the man manipulating the Kaiser, Reichstag and the German people, in order to support and fund his naval plan. 23 Contrary to this, Kennedy and Fay believe that Tirpitz and the Kaiser are equally to blame for the naval race.24 They argue that Tirpitz and the Kaiser were the two men who most supported the navy, and that it was the Kaisers support of Tirpitz that allowed him to get the funding and support necessary to construct his fleet. The former is a more accurate opinion since it was Tirpitz, and Tirpitz alone who designed the building strategy, and manipulated the government in order to raise funds. It was his aggressive policy that built up the German navy to the point where it posed a threat to Britain, giving them no choice but to retaliate through their own naval construction. E Conclusion Tirpitz is solely to blame for the Anglo-German naval race. As Scheck and Tucker have agreed, he was the man manipulating the Kaiser, Reichstag and the German people by using international crises to push propaganda, and implement naval bills. Tirpitzs naval strategy was directed at defeating Britain with his risk navy, in order to make available the necessary colonial property for the central European states which needed to expand.25 It was precisely Tirpitzs Second Naval Bill that competed directly with Britain, thus threatening her imperial position, forcing Britain to increase the rate of her own naval construction. If it were not for Tirpitzs aggressive naval policy, Germany and Britain would not have been thrown into a costly and dangerous naval race. It was made obvious that Tirpitz was solely to blame, when British War Minister Haldene attempted to negotiate a naval agreement, but Tirpitz made it clear he was opposed to any reductions, and negotiations failed.26 1 Peter Quennell, History Today, November 1968, 53. 2 James Joll, The Origins of the First World War (New York: Longman Group, 1984), 62. 3 Joll, 112. 4 Rafael Scheck, Alfred von Tirpitz and German Right-Wing Politics, 1914-1918 (Boston: Humanities Press, 1998), 3. 5 David Herrmann, The Arming of Europe and the Making of The First World War (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), 162. 6 The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia, 1996 ed., s.v. Alfred von Tirpitz, by Spencer Tucker. 7 John Terraine, ed., The Great War, 1914-1918 (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1965), 226. 8 Sidney Fay, The Origins of the World War (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1930), 235. 9 Scheck, 6. 10 Scheck, 5. 11 Jonathan Steinberg, Yesterdays Deterrent (London: Macdonald and Co., 1965), 126. 12 Tucker, 688. 13 Joll, 63. 14 Scheck, 5. 15 Tucker, 688. 16 Niall Ferguson, The Pity of War (New York: Basic Books, 1999), 70; Fay, 39. 17 Tucker, 688. 18 Ferguson, 84; Fay, 235. 19 Scheck, 5. 20 Fay, 235. 21 Herrmann, 226. 22 Tucker, 688. 23 Scheck, 8; Tucker, 688. 24 Paul Kennedy, The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism: 1860-1914 (New Jersey: Unwin Ltd., 1980), 224; Fay, 243. 25 Fay, 235. 26 Joll, 65

Catcher In The Rye, Compares T :: essays research papers

Throughout life, an individual may endure several emotionally or physically straining moments. In The Catcher In The Rye, Holden Caulfield suffers much verbal abuse, as well as physical. Both forms of the abuse, combined with other factors, eventually leads Holden to suffer a mental breakdown. Holden’s actions prove that ** â€Å"A blow from a whip raises a welt, but a blow from the tongue smashes bones.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden experiences several fights throughout the story. Near the beginning, he begins a struggle with Stradlater, his roommate, over his friend’s date, Jane Gallagher. Holden was upset to learn that the couple were alone in a car, knowing Stradlater’s sexual history. Holden’s mind chooses to push out the incident, so it is foggy in his head. But all he knew was, he tried to hit Stradlater but missed. After the miss, Stradlater proceeded to climb on top of Holden and take hold of his wrists, not letting him up. Stradlater dug his knees deep into Holden’s chest to keep him from moving. This seemed to go on for â€Å"around ten hours†. When Stradlater finally gave in and let Holden get up, the struggle started again, ending with a bloody nose for Holden. Afterwards, although Holden was somewhat offended by the actions, he did not seem to care about his dripping nose. He went directly over to Ackley’s room, not even stopping to wipe up his nose. He also did not seem to care about the overall fight, because he talked of it like it meant nothing to him. â€Å"I had a little goddam tiff with Stradlater,† he explains to Ackley. â€Å"Do you feel like playing a little Canasta?† This quick forgetting shows that the fight had little affect on Holden, and that his injury meant little to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While Holden is in the Edmont Hotel, the elevator man mentions the prospect of a prostitute. Holden reluctantly agrees to a throw, which would cost him five dollars. Holden was very nervous during his wait, but when the girl showed up he told her he only wanted to talk. Even though they didn’t do anything, Holden paid his money, only to find that the girl was promised ten. Holden refused to pay the extra amount, assuring the girl that he was told a throw was only five and he was not going to pay more. She left, only to return minutes later with the elevator man, Maurice.

Shoe-Horn Sonata

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Aristoles View on Drama - 1347 Words

Preamble Drama is an aspect of literature represented in performances and has been a part of the world for many decades. Drama originated in classical Greece around the fifth century B.C. The earliest performances took place in amphitheaters, which the Greeks invented to incorporate plays in their religious and civic festivals. These Greek festivals were huge theatrical events filled with three days of drama. The structure of the amphitheater allowed for an audience of thousands to observe the theatrics and watch as the actors vie to win the drama competition. In addition, ancient Greek theater used dramas to relay moral and political messages to their communities. There are two different categories of drama: comedy and tragedy. Greek†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare is said to have shaped the beginnings of modern day culture through his tragic plays by introducing man as the tragic hero rather than the Gods. Although both Miller and Shakespeare have modified the classic Greek tragedies in this manner they still fulfill Aristotle’s definition of tragedy in many ways. Aristotle Vs Othello and Death of a Salesman Shakespeare’s protagonist, Othello and Miller’s protagonist, Willy Lowman are both considered the tragic heroes in the play. Othello is a moor and a general in Venetian army. He is experienced in battle and valued by the people. Since he is this well-respected military leader, the people listened and cared about what he had to say. One instance of his high regard can be seen when one of the senators said, â€Å"Here comes Barbantio and the valiant Moor, (Act I scene 3). With Othello overcoming racist Venice and managing to gain this high status in the community, Aristotle’s first requirement for a tragic hero is fulfilled. However, many would argue that in Millers play, Willy Lowman’s character stretches the definition of a tragic hero. Since Willy Lowman was a mere salesman struggling to seize the American dream he would definitely not be considered a man of high status. Although Willy Lowman did hold one hono rable position and that was head of the household. This is illustrated during a conversation that Willy’s wife Linda has with their son Biff. Linda Says â€Å"No. You cantShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannus1914 Words   |  8 PagesSophocles weaves a complex story that can be interpreted on many different levels of intellectual thinking. This play, since the time it was staged has been subjected to countless forms of analysis and interpretations. The most famous one being the Aristole’s interpretation of the play in his book â€Å"Poetics†, on what makes it a perfect tragedy. So, what is â€Å"Oedipus Tyrannus is really about†, that still keeps fascinating the intellectuals and readers alike. Is it the developing mystery that captivates